Promotion Case Study Essay

Mary Roberts had been with the company three years when she was promoted to manager of the tax department which was part of the controller’s division.Within four months she became a supervisor of ten staff accountants to fill a vacancy.Her superior believed her to be most qualified individual to fill the position. Many senior employees resent her that she so young to fill the position and what made them more upsets was the fact tax managers did not discuss the promotion. QUESTION: 1.What can Mary Roberts do about the resentful senior employees? Mary should tackle this head on she should be direct and assertive about her expectation and when people are crossing the line that means she need to be clear with people when their behavior doesn’t meet her standards and she need to be willing To set and enforce consequence if it doesn’t change 2. Can higher management do anything to help Roberts make the transitions to greater responsibility? Yes, because they are the one who put her in that position of course they will help Mary interms of guiding it `. 3. Will her lack of technical knowledge hinder Mary’s managerial effectiveness? No , because lacking on some aspects on technical knowledge cant bankrupt or destroy a company as long she have a guts to face and accepts failures 4. Should Mary’s superior have discussed the promotion with the senior employees before announcing it? No ,because its not their obligation to discuss it with the employee interms on promoting someone because higher management chooses who deserve and employees should accept it. 5. Could some of the resentment be based on the fact that Mary Roberts was a young woman? No ,because as long she love the job there is no resentment. 6. Should she have turned down the promotion to gain more technical experience? No ,because she is qualifiedfor the position ,not because many higher managers believed in her its because she had s leadership ability and commitment to her work 7. Can a person turn down such promotion without hindering her career in the company? Yes ,as long she is sincere to her decision not,because of the resentment of the senior personnel CASE STUDY NO.2 Leo Harris one of your fire insurance company he is meticulous and anything  coming out of his group is perfect.He always overworking,does not delegate authority and responsibility but rechecks in detail all the work turned out by his group. He keeps turning back to them careless and inaccurate work until it is perfect. QUESTION 1. What are some of the reasons why people do not delegate authority and responsibility? They are afraid that the work that they are working is a failure that they have to recheck and redo it again 2. What are Harris’ responsibilities as a supervisor? As a suoervisor Harri’s have the day to day responsibilities. He should watch or observe the employee performance to ensure that all activity are completed in accordance with spefication and deadline 3. Which can he delegate? Maintain supervisory control. Delegation is not the abandonment of tasks. As a leader, you are still ultimately responsible therefore time should be set aside to observe and meet with the subordinate for follow-through and review of the delegated areas. This follow-through will give you the opportunity to coach the subordinate in his new assigned tasks. Time spent with your subordinate will also provide you with the information to decide whether to intervene or to allow him to fail and learn from his mistakes. Be careful not to take a problem out of a subordinate’s hands and make a decision when he merely wants to discuss it with you. Let him take the wheeldo not make decisions that your subordinate could otherwise make for himself. 4. How should he go about delegating them? Select the task to be delegated and match it to the proper personDelegation is not the assignment of routine tasks to anyone who happens to be available. There is a need to assess strengths, weaknesses and previous experience of all available personnel and then match them with tasks that will utilize their strengths and experience. 5. What are some of the leadership characteristics that Harris lacks? When there’s a failure to communicate: When leaders are constantly flummoxed by those who don’t seem to get it, there exists both a leadership and communications problem. Show  me a leader with poor communication skills and I’ll show you someone who will be short-lived in their position. Great leaders can communicate effectively across mediums, constituencies, and environments. They are active listeners, fluid thinkers, and know when to dial it up, down, or off. It’s all about them: If a leader doesn’t understand the concept of â€Å"service above self† they will not engender the trust, confidence, and loyalty of those they lead. Any leader is only as good as his or her team’s desire to be led by them. An over abundance of ego, pride, and arrogance are not positive leadership traits. Real leaders take the blame and give the credit – not the other way around. Long story short; if a leader receives a vote of non-confidence from their subordinates 6. How can you go about developing them in him? Is to go out with your comfort zone try to communicate. CASE STUDY NO.3 The general manager has hired the services of a personnel administrator but has purposely not defined the newcomer’s role in the organization .As a line supervisor, have become involved in several arguments with this personnel administrator. You have mentioned this usurping of authority to your boss, the general manager, and have asked him to define the personnel job. The boss has answered that he is allowing QUESTION 1. Discuss the above situation from a line point of view  Specific job description should e disclosed to the line supervisor, Important since an administrator is hired there should already be a work that needs to be filled by the one hired. Even if the person is asked to find its own niche we still need to determine the role he applied and just modify it ,If additional work needs to be move. 2. Discuss the situation from a personnel administrator’s point of view. Still trying to identify what were the jobs that needs to be fulfilled by the administrator and his discovering what his boundaries are. 3. Develop a practical working relationship based on the principles of good organization. Know your position and modify what is still needs to be done based on the description trying to step out of the usual job description may have an impact on the role that needs to be performed by the rest of the team which is disorganization 4. It is desirable to allow  the personnel administrator to find his own niche in the organization? Yes , as long as he knows what his original role and just modify if the business needs

Parenting skills: Discussion Questions Essay

1. What role do you think discipline plays in developing a child’s self-esteem? What forms of discipline best serve the self-esteem of the child or adolescent? a. I think discipline plays a vast role in developing a child’s self-esteem, it determines the way the child will make their decision. Knowing the difference punishing and abusing a child plays a key role. Although both can be considered a form of discipline, punishing a child to harshly can affect them in the long run. They will develop a low self-esteem and become scarred for life. The child can grow up themselves to give unreasonable punishment to children they may have. The forms of discipline that best serves the self-esteem of a child might include boundary-based discipline, and emotion coaching. 2. List and discuss how activities, clubs, or sports, impact the self-esteem of children and parents. Provide at least two activities, clubs, or sports in your answer a. Children that participate in spots, clubs, etc. are more likely to have a high self-esteem. While a child participates in these groups they can achieve and accomplish goals that can higher their self-esteem. When a child is devoted to a sport, striving for a goal, and working hard they become satisfied with themselves as well. Such as volleyball, players working hard on different techniques on how to win a game, that takes time, effort, and determination. After winning, the trophies are handed out, the crowd goes crazy over the win, it puts the child/athlete on top, making them thrilled over what they’ve just accomplished leading to high self-esteem . Being involved in a debate club can provide you a boost of excitement knowing that whatever your thinking is heard and knowledge is being shared with those who are present, after winning against someone else gives you that high self-esteem, knowing you’ve just accomplished a great self-achievement.

Domestic Adoptions Costs are Entirely to Expensive Essay

The costs of domestic adoption are entirely to expensive. Every year in the U. S. alone there are over a hundred thousand children waiting and available for adoption; but because of the high cost, they may never be adopted. In most cases domestic adoption is way too expensive, ranging from $2,500 up to $40,000 depending on the child and his individual circumstances (â€Å"Costs of Adopting,† par. 2). The longer a child has to wait to be adopted, they are more likely to develop psychological problems due to trauma cause by their own birth family, multiple moves while in foster care and all types of abuse. There are so many great families and couples out there longing to adopt a child who cannot afford the price tag that is put on children that are placed for adoption. I believe the cost of domestic adoptions should be minimized to make it affordable for all families and couples, to ensure that every child gets the chance to have a family of his own and a healthy childhood instead of waiting in foster care or orphanages too long. Adopting a healthy infant in the U. S. typically costs $5,000 to $25,000 and can go up from there depending on the circumstances of the infant and birth mother or birth parents (â€Å"The Changing.. ,† par. 1). Still this is a hefty price to pay and if the infant is not adopted it may end up in the foster care system for years. In 1998 only 36,000 children from foster care were adopted, which was an increase of 5,000 since 1997, when only 31,000 were adopted. These numbers of adoption may seem high, but at least 100,000 of the children available for adoption were not adopted, leaving them without a family. The average age of the children adopted was 7 years (â€Å"Adoption Fact Sheet†), but still why should any child have to wait this long? In 2005 the number of children available for adoption, waiting in public foster care totaled 115,407 (â€Å"Children in Public†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). There are so many children now who are waiting to be adopted. Here in the U. S. 20% of the 650,000 children in an out of home placement are available for adoption. Many of these children have special needs, which could possibly lower their adoption cost (â€Å"What You Should†¦,† par. 3). While waiting for a family and home to call their own these children usually experience some kind of trauma caused by their birth family or moving from home to home while in foster care simply because something just didn’t work out right. In this process some of the children may have been physically , emotionally or sexually abused (What You Should†¦,† par. 4). All of these situations can cause harm to the child and permanently scar him for emotionally. Most of these children cannot form any secure attachments because of the trauma they have experienced. The attachment process is very important and has a lifelong impact on all children. Therefore it is so important for all children to be in a good healthy environment where they will be able to develop healthy and secure attachments. I believe this is why it is so important for a child to be adopted quickly and not have to wait for years where so much important and precious time is lost. There are so many couples and families who want to adopt but adoption is not within their reach because of the high costs. If the costs were lowered many more children would be adopted into great homes. You do not need to be loaded with money to be a great parent and to provide a loving and nourishing home for a child to grow up in. There are some ways to help couples and families pay for adoption such as employer benefits, tax credits, or adoptions loans and grants; but the problems with these options is that not all couples or families meet the qualifications to receive any help (â€Å"Adoption Cost). With loans you must meet specific qualifications and then pay back money loaned. When it comes to grants there is also a list of qualifications that weed out a lot of prospective parents. As for the employer benefits, only a third of U. S. employers offer this (â€Å"The Changing†¦,† par. 4). The federal government offers tax credits only to families who privately adopt infants, but does not offer the same support to families who adopt children in foster care (Wright, par. 3). Money drives almost everything in adoption. A fact which causes the line between baby selling and adoption services to become blurred is that many attorney’s fees are very high and unreasonable (Wright, par. 11). There are many reasons one may say that adoption costs of up to $40,000 is reasonable. Usually the agency a prospective parent must go through to adopt, has typical adoption services they provide: including professional services for both the adoptive and birth parents, birth parent expenses, new born care and services, legal and investigative expenses, salaries and employee benefits and general insurance (â€Å"Why Does Adoption†¦,†). These costly services do add up; but I do believe a few things should be done differently that would lower the costs of these services. If the birth mother does not have insurance, she can be on Medicaid to cover prenatal and postnatal healthcare. We pay in taxes to cover such things every day. I also believe that if the adoptive parent has a contract to adopt a child, then that child should be placed on the adoptive parent’s insurance for his medical needs. Doing these things could cut down on the costs greatly. Plus if more children could be adopted from foster care sooner, that alone would save the government a lot of money that is paid to keep the children up. I do not understand how anyone can put such a price on a child’s life and well being. What is more important, the child having a great fulfilling life or sitting in an orphanage or foster home for years and possibly experiencing some awful things, because people who would love to have them and take care of them cannot afford to adopt them? It all seems to me like the whole adoption process is nothing but selling babies and children. Why should you have to pay so much for a child when you are making a commitment to provide and care for and cherish them for the rest of your life? You will be responsible for all their need in the following years and that should be quite enough payment to put forth. You must have a home study completed before you can begin the adoption process. This ensures that you are able to provide a good sufficient home for a child; so why not lower the costs of adoption? It’s not like unfit couples or families would be able to adopt just because they may be able to afford it. I don’t see how any child deserves to be without the love of a family. You should not have to be rich to be able to afford adoption costs, a families status should have nothing to do with wither they can give a child a loving, nourishing and stable home. I truly believe if adoption costs were lowered more children would have loving homes and couples who cannot have a child of their own or those who have a child or children already would be able to complete their lives by adopting. This would benefit everyone involved: every child without a family, every hopeful future parent and family who yearns for another child to make their lives complete. Works Cited â€Å"Adoption Cost†. A Child to Love. 3 Sept. 2009. http://www. achildtolove. com/cost/. â€Å"Adoption Fact Sheet†. Child Welfare League of America. March 1999. < http://www. cwla. org/p rintable/printpage. asp>. â€Å"Children in Public Foster Care Waiting to be Adopted: FY 1999 thru FY 2005†. Administration for Children and Families. 1Sept. 2009. . â€Å"Costs of Adopting†. Child Welfare Information Gateway. 2004. 25 Aug. 2009. . â€Å"The Changing Face of Adoption†. Parents. com. September 2001. 30 Aug. 2009. . â€Å"What You Should Know Before You Adopt A Child†. Institute for Attachment and Child Development. 4 April 1997. 28 Aug. 2009. . â€Å"Why Does Adoption Cost So Much? †. American Adoptions. 29 Aug. 2009. . Wright, Graham. â€Å"Money, Power and Accountability: The â€Å"Business† Of Adoption†. The Evan B. Donaldson Adoption Institution. November 1999. 27 Aug. 2009. .

Gas prices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Gas prices - Essay Example A vast majority of machines in different industries are powered by gas. Apart from the industrial utility of gas, it is an extremely important element of the modern age life style. In the contemporary age, there is massive consumption of gas even on the domestic level. We use gas heaters, gas ovens, gas stoves, and gas lamps. In addition to the in-house consumption of gas, a vast majority of vehicles on the roads use gas as a secondary fuelling source that works as efficiently as petrol does. The voluminous increase in the use of natural gas does not accord with its declining natural reserves. There is an inverse relationship between the two. Gas prices have risen almost all over the world in the past few years. Much of the rapid increase in the gas prices that has occurred in the recent years can be attributed to the inverse relationship between gas production and consumption rate. Current rate of gas consumption is alarming, and gas prices are likely to increase further if the curr ent consumption rates sustain over next few years. Solution: Solution of this problem lies in wise utilization of the remaining gas. It is not advisable to completely stop the use of gas stoves or gas ovens because no alternative has yet been realized that would give better or even the same results as gas stoves or ovens do.

Insurance Underwriting Practice Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Insurance Underwriting Practice - Assignment Example This spread will be negative showing that the market considers its best on clients to lower the risk. Lending rates differ limiting the comparison. Claims on central side of annual growth will result to percentage of broad money. In the analysis, petrochemical will be managed by collection of underground samples hence high probability of oil in present. In comparison to private house, no investment of millions of money aimed while in petrochemical, there is cost estimation in terms of economic value. In this case, domestic production will be always higher in terms growth production all through out the year. the relation between price petrochemical and private house installation, generally, petro-chemical will have to move up hence having higher demand in pricing. Percentage tax on petro chemical in one year will be compared to risk premiums priced per year. Data required is counting the number of times each claim value has occurred. A reason for this is because a single measure of average claim value would be much more informative and efficient than listing each individual claim. Secondly, data required may be calculated using frequent distribution which could be simply calculated by counting the total number of time each claim value has occurred (Grey 120). Thirdly, frequent distribution is very simple in summarizing all types of numerical data including premium values. Independent variable is always measured on the horizontal axis whereas dependent variable is measured on the vertical axis. Relationship between existing variables shows that there is an input to the independent variables where else varies with dependent variables which shows the output (Grey 134). It is a straight line drawn through the center of a group of data points plotted on a scatter plot. This shows the results of gathering data on two variables. Line of best fit shows whether the two variables appear to be correlated (Grey 134). It is the most

Seven Simple Ways to Save Money Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Seven Simple Ways to Save Money - Assignment Example It will enhance your knowledge of the world, at the same time, saving you a lot of money. When you cook at home, you have to do the shopping for vegetables and other things. Here you can save money by making a shopping list and taking it with you when you go shopping. Making a shopping list is the second simple way of saving money. Most of us buy unnecessary things on an impulse when we are shopping in the shopping mall. If you have a shopping list, and stick to it, you will avoid impulse buying, and save a lot of money, as well as save another trip to the shops to buy what you forgot. This way, you will be saving on your fuel consumption too. There is another way to save money while shopping- getting a good bargain. So, the third simple way to save money is to survey the market when you buy something, especially when it is something expensive. Some stores will have bargain offers, which offer you stuff at greatly reduced prices. Buying in bulk also helps to save money. You should plan what you want to buy and look out for the best possible bargains. Buying just after Christmas will save you money on many things from clothes to books. Another simple way to save money is to walk or use the bicycle to work. This way, you would be saving on fuel, and at the same time reducing your carbon foot print.

Describing myself in terms of the 5 factor model Essay

Describing myself in terms of the 5 factor model - Essay Example Each human being has different and unique personality traits. Psychologists usually take tests to find out the personality type. These tests contain a list of objective questions that find out the behavior, insight, opinion and reaction of human beings in different situations. It finds out the way human being differ with each other in their enduring emotional, interpersonal, experiential, motivational and attitudinal style. According to the answers provided in the test, a score is calculated for every personality dimension and seen in respect of general population. (McCrae & Oliver , 2006) I also took the IPIP Personality test online from http://www.personal.psu.edu/~j5j/IPIP and found out my results. Let's look at each of the five factor model according to my personality and then match my take on these with the results of the test. OPENNESS: Openness to experience relates to one's flexibility to new ideas and openness to change. It signifies that the person welcomes and accepts new ideas, experiences, people, thoughts and situations. People who are 'open to experience' usually appreciate arts, science, music, emotions, and adventure. They tend to be very imaginative, creative, and like to have a variety of different experiences. They are less conservative and stick more to traditional ways. They are usually suspicious about newer ideas and are not comfortable with abstract thoughts and ideas. I think I am slightly more 'open to experience' than general people. I love creativity and new experiences. Throughout my school life, I have been involved in various different experiences. I have participated in debates, I have studied psychology and have taken huge interest in studying business as well, I have been in sports and I am also into reading. This all combines to make me a person with diverse set of experiences. I am thrilled by newer ideas. Whenever I take up a project, I look for creative and out-of-the-box ideas. I believe that one thing can be done in seve ral ways and I always give it a try. I love to travel and go on adventures. Although I am a little afraid of heights but the idea of mountain climbing, hiking and adventurous sports thrill me. Sometimes I hold back due to fear but then I try to calm myself and give these things a go. It is because I love to have thrill and excitement in my life. My being openness to change however does not mean that I do not stay with my traditional values. I am a firm believer of my religion and I like sticking to rules. I like adventure and new ideas but only if they do not contradict with my beliefs. For example I like to have thrill in my life but I would never break rules to do so. I also enjoy the traditional events and festivals with the people around me. My Results: "My result for Openness to Experience is average, indicating that I enjoy tradition but are willing to try new things. My thinking is neither simple nor complex. To others I appear to be a well-educated person but not an intellec tual." My score is 41. The result signifies that I have an average Openness to experience or change. This is slightly different from what

The need of IFRS and the Problem of adopting it for UK Small and Dissertation

The need of IFRS and the Problem of adopting it for UK Small and Medium Enterprises - Dissertation Example It is tough to bring such a radical change in operational as well as financial aspects for these SME. These radical changes are not without their associated dangers and risks. This research paper tries to elucidate the benefits and the problems of adopting IFRS for SME and provides suggestion of adopting a middle path between benefit and associated risk. Table of Contents Table of Contents 3 CHAPTER I – INTRODUCTION 6 1.1 Background 6 1.2 Research Objective 7 1.3 Research Problem 7 1.5 Research Questions 8 CHAPTER II – LITERATURE REVIEW 9 2.1 Introduction 9 2.2 Theoretical Framework 9 2.2.1 Brief overview of the GAAP for SME 10 2.2.2 Brief overview of IFRS for SME 13 2.2.3 A brief overview of the differences between IFRS and UK GAAP 16 2.2.4 A brief overview of the small and medium scale enterprises in UK 19 CHAPTER III – RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 24 3.1 Sources of Data 24 3.2 Research Design 24 3.3. Construct Validity 25 3.4 Internal Validity 25 3.5 External Validity 25 3.6 Reliability 26 3.7 Administration of Procedure 26 3.8 Research Ethics 26 CHAPTER IV –FINDINGS AND DATA ANALYSIS 27 4.1 The need to change to IFRS from erstwhile accounting standards for UK SMES 27 4.1.1 Reduced cost 27 4.1.2 Less complexity 28 4.1.3 Greater transparency achieved through IFRS 29 4.1.4 Increase in the cross border trading 30 4.1.5 Increased cross border mergers and acquisitions 31 4.1.6 Easier access to capital 32 4.2 The problems associated with adoption of IFRS for UK SME 33 4.2.1 Recording same transacations in different formats 34 4.2.2 Global acconting system and IFRS does not rhyme 35 CHAPTER V – CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 35 5.1 Conclusion 35 5.2 Recommendations 36 5.3 Limitations of the Study 36 CHAPTER I – INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background In the past few decades both developed and developing countries witnessed an exponential rise in the number of small and medium scale industries. The rise of SMEs is buoyed by the support provided by the entrepreneurs and the banks as well as the financial institutions of these counties. The rise in the number of SME is 5% for all the countries. The small and medium scale enterprises contribute 14% to the GDP in countries like Oman (Arundel and Geuna, 2004). Developed countries and under-developed countries have the power to generate even more contribution of the SMEs towards the country GDP. In the wake of the financial crisis that gripped the whole of Europe starting from Portugal, Italy, Greece, Spain and Switzerland, a huge chunk of the SME in these countries got wiped out. These small and medium scale enterprises operated independently and there are few governing bodies to monitor the activities of the SMEs (Bates, 2004). The government spent a huge chunk of the sovereign money in constructing the framework to support the activities of the SMEs. On the other hand, the government did very little to install any regulatory framework to keep an eye on the financial as well a s operational activities of these enterprises. Although most of the enterprises follow the GAAP principles and procedures but it is felt that current procedures and principle are falling short to contain the incidents of â€Å"window dressing† of the accounting statements. 1.2 Research Objective The research objectives are set to guide the research aims for the research

Fashion 1980 - Now - The Fashionistas Guide Essay

Fashion 1980 - Now - The Fashionistas Guide - Essay Example The essay "Fashion 1980 - Now - The Fashionistas Guide" investigates how fashion has led to the rise of the new features of identifying gender among some of the Japanese tribes. The vibrant and outlandish fashionistas of Tokyo have led to a change of fashion in japan in a rate that is almost impossible to document without instantly being out of date. However, there are some tribes in japan that have managed to change with technological changes of fashion without abolishing their true societal origins. Apparently, there are several tribes that have evolved that one cannot miss encountering them in any time one happen to tour to the Japanese capital. For example, the changing fashion have led to the rise of a group of youngsters that refer themselves as the roller family that has seriously assumed the business of dancing to old rock and roll in large numbers especially during the afternoons of both Saturday and Sunday at the entrances of Yoyogi park without failing. However, this danci ng group is believed to be part of the Yoyogi furniture that has been in existence since 1990. The dancing group is characterized by receding hairlines bullied into thinking quiffs. Moreover, on the border of Shibula and Harajuku districts, there have emerged Grimoire, which is a shop furnished with accessories and cloths located a convenient point targeting the Dolly Kei movement. The followers of this movement dress velvets, rich embroidery and silks that distinguish themselves from non-followers.

Leadership Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Leadership Plan - Essay Example In case of global teams, I would make them know each other through video chat. According to Love (2010), storming is the stage that involves members’ conflicts with each other and their resistance to tasks and team structure. â€Å"Typically during the Storming phase, conflict, dissention and difficulties arise† (Fran, 2010). At this stage, I would work towards resolution of conflicts between team members. In case of conventional teams, I would meet conflicting employees face-to-face in order to know their issues, as well as to resolve them. I would assign the roles and responsibilities to each team member considering their skills. In case of global teams, I would arrange a video conference in which I would invite all team members to know and resolve their cultural and personality conflicts. At this stage, members start thinking themselves as a team (Egeland, 2011). At this stage, I would develop a sense of cohesion between the team members of both conventional and global teams. In case of conventional teams, I would meet each team member personally to make him/her aware of his/her role in the achievement of goals and the way to meet the deadline. In case of global teams, I would contact all team members through video conference to make them aware of the ways to work in a collaborative manner and the ways to resolve personal and cultural conflicts that may arise between them at some time in future due to cultural differences. This is the stage when members, having their efficiencies developed, work toward the achievement of goals. â€Å"Group members begin to look outside of their domain in order to assist others on the team† (Waren, 2010). At this stage, I would continuously motivate both conventional and global teams to make them achieve the goals effectively and efficiently. To evaluate and motivate conventional team members, I would meet each member personally. However, to motivate global team

Logistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Logistics - Essay Example When you need to coordinate and control the flow of information, goods, energy, etc and other kinds of resources between the manufacturer and the end-consumer, you are defining the 'logistics' of the process. This is exactly the point that defines the crucial difference between 'logistics and 'service response logistics.' Logistics is one among the many channels that decides the critical process of the management of supply and demand. Service response logistics deals with the concerns, the questions, the loopholes and the successes of these logistics-based networks and processes. To explain the differences more clearly, let us take a very simple example as sated below. Think about a hypothetical situation where the market force of demand starts exceeding that of the supply bandwidth. In such a scenario, you just have to ensure that the clients' needs are met at all costs. What has to be done is a three-step process. A. You need to increase your existing capacity. B. You need to get people hired and trained and then follows the supervision of the work, etc. C. You need to get an estimate on the number of clients your business unit is ready to cater to on a daily basis. This is otherwise known in business circles as a single term and that is 'Managing Service capacity.' In this case, each of these steps by themselves could have different metrics and logistics. The overall process that is pit in place is 'service response logistics' as you are arriving at an optimal figure of how many clients you can manage and you are meeting their demands. In step A, the hiring squad has a demand and the network providing suitable candidates to meet it are the suppliers. In step B, the trainers and the human resource managers are the suppliers and the candidates and... The researcher states that it is very interesting to note that the terms ‘logistics’ and ‘service response logistics’ have gained a lot of importance in the fields of business and the realm of business intelligence systems over the years. Service response logistics have a lot more to do with the kind of response a company draws as a result of its provided services. These metrics are very important as they decide the success or failure of an organization as well as its attempts to treat and service its customers in a better way. For every business, it is the end user or the consumers that are to be kept happy and satisfied and serviced well. Service Response Logistics actually goes way beyond defining logistics as it a measure of the manner in which consumers respond to the management of activities in an organization. It also involves the keeping customers in the loop constantly and assuring them to believe in your level and quality of service. Customers need to be grouped together too as this helps understanding and sorting out the data when it is required to ease out any potential problems when service response logistics data is required. Therefore, the researcher then concluds that these two terms should be though of and dealt with differently as the main end result and goal is to try and define processes and promotions that customers respond to well. The background processes like supply, production, manufacturing and sales are not the only problems that need to be taken into account.

Instance of Innovation Essay Example for Free

Instance of Innovation Essay The throngs of Apple fans who crowded into the Moscone convention centre in San Francisco to hear Steve Jobs give his annual MacWorld keynote address went into the room with high expectations. Judging by their response their expectations were more than met. The unveiling of the iPhone, Apples long-awaited entry into the mobile handset market, was greeted by rapturous applause, gasps of disbelief, and occasional whoops of joy from the Apple faithful. Six years after Apple transformed the market for digital music players with the introduction of the iPod, the company had attempted a repeat performance in the market for mobile handsets with the iPhone a slim, sleek handset that relies on an innovative touch- screen interface. This thing is amazing, says Van Baker, an analyst at Gartner, who had a chance to try the iPhone himself during an analyst briefing by Apple. Its the biggest home run for them Ive seen yet. Apple is far from the first company to try to crack the so- called smartphone market. Microsoft, Apples arch-rival, has been talking about such devices for years, but its mobile windows effort has slumped in part because mobile carriers were wary of Microsoft and kept out. Just 6m smart phones were sold in the US last year, compared with more than 1bn mobile handsets sold worldwide. Two million of them operated on Windows software, with the rest of the market split between Research In Motion, makers of the Blackberry; Palm, maker of the Treo handset; and a handful of others. Shares of RIM fell 7. 9 per cent yesterday while Palm stock fell 5. 7 per cent. Charles Golvin, analyst at Forrester, cautions that, even with Apples impressive device, the market for phones that integrate voice calls, e-mail, web browsing and music will remain a small part of the overall handset market. Miro Kazakoff, senior associate at Compete, an industry analyst group, says his research shows that its unlikely that any phone, no matter how good, is going to get people to pay a high price and up to Dollars 200 in early termination fees on their current contract. Wireless shoppers are hooked on free phones as carriers have subsidized better and better devices over the years. Apple is betting that the iPhones unique user interface the result of years of research will reinvent the entire smartphone category, just as the Macintosh redefined computers and just as the iPod redefined what customers came to expect from their digital music players. Apple is going to reinvent the phone, was Mr Jobs bold pronouncement at MacWorld. The early signs are encouraging. Ralph Simon, MEF Americas Chairman Emeritus of the Mobile Entertainment Forum, says that the iPhone represents a quantum leap in innovation for the entertainment industry. You cant overlook the strides already made by competitors like Nokia and Motorola, but the seamless marriage of the iPods kudos to the mobile phone is a key step evolution of the mobile to becoming an all-round entertainment device, says Mr Simon. With the least expensive iPhone models priced at Dollars 499, price remains a concern. How many people will be out there willing to pay that kind of premium? Mr Golvin asks. However, he says there are some encouraging signs in Motorolas recent experience with the Razr, its ultra-thin premium mobile phone. The Razr is now several years old they were able to keep their premium prices for quite a while, Mr Golvin says. Mr Jobs was keen to signal Apples intention to become a leading player in consumer electronics yesterday. At the close of his MacWorld speech, he announced the company had decided to drop the word computer from its name now that its brand has spread well beyond the Macintosh to include other devices. Even the most jaded observers would be hard pressed to deny that, with the iPhone, the newly christened Apple is off to a great start.

Development of the World Wide Web

Development of the World Wide Web CERN stands for Centre Europe n de Recherchà © which means the European Organisation for Nuclear Research. After the 2nd World War, many international organisations were evolving during which Raoul Dautry, Pierre Auger and Lew Kowarski from France, Edoardo Amaldi from Italy and Niels Bohr from Denmark intended to build an Atomic Physics Laboratory. After many intergovernal meeting and conventions, on 29 September 1954, it came formally in existence. CERNs main area is high energy physics researches. It provides particle accelerators for nuclear physics experiments. After 1954, there has been numerous researches and evolvements at CERN and is continuing its contribution to science and technology. The main aim of CERN is, Research: Solving the mysteries of the Universe Technology: Developing new technologies. Collaborating: Uniting the nations through science. Education: Providing trainings and research platforms for future scientists. (CERN, 2008) 2. WWW In 1989, Tim Berners-Lee, a scientist in CERN wrote a proposal to develop a distributed information system for the laboratory. His boss commented the idea to be vague but exciting. After those words the way information was transmitted revolutionised. By 1990, Tim had defined the Webs basic concepts of URL, HTTP and HTML and also wrote the first browser http://info.cern.ch and server software. The WWW was born. (CERN, 2008) 3. Development of WWW After the successful operation on the multi-platform computer network at the CERN laboratories in August 1991 CERN files alt.hypertext was made accessible to the public. During the time all the coded programmes were stored in a computer in CERN called the Web Server because it interconnects with the HTML documents. There was only one web server located at CERN.Gradually after that www began to spread throughout the world specially universities and research labs. YEAR WEB SERVER 1991 1 1992 50 1999 720,000 2001 24 million+ 2010 240 million+ Source: http://www.netcraft.co.uk/survey During 1993, Marc Andreessen, University student at the University of Illinois led a team that developed the Graphical User Interface (GUI) browser called Mosaic. Later, Mosaic was released for Windows and Macintosh platforms to install it.Popularity of this Graphical browser that made people without computer awareness possible to use www by navigating and pointing. (Gribble C, 2009) 4. Internet The internet is a global system of interconnected computers, having ability to provide transparent, self-organising, interoperability among large numbers of diverse networks, host computer and application. (Dimensioning the internet, 1998) 5. Internet History The idea of developing a global network was thought by three pioneers and a conference where they developed a concept of publicly accessible computer network connecting many smaller networks around the world to share the information. Among these pioneers, Vannevar Bush gave an idea of potential uses of information technology through his library system. Norbert Wiener invented the Cybernetics which inspired many developers to work on the possibilities from the IT and Marshall McLuhan made the whole concept of interconnected computer popular. Finally the conference of Dartmouth Artificial Intelligence in 1956 approved the concept and realised the stride improvement of technology. In 1957 the first satellite, Sputnik I was launched by the Soviet Union. This satellite could affect US by the space based nuclear attack. Therefore to stop this US government was forced to create an agency that mandates this kind of foreign attack. As a result US formed Advance Research Project Agency (ARPA).This organisation was primarily created to help defend US against the attack through constant effective communication.JCR Licklider, head of Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO) based within the ARPA focused on the benefits of a nationwide communication network. During the process he hired Lawrence Roberts to implement in his vision. Lawrence Roberts led to the development of the network. After few years a special computer called an Interface Message Processor was developed to comprehend the design and in October 1969, network called ARPANET was up and running which was later called CSNET.This network then connected all the universities in America and was later also connected to the EUNet.This was the European network to connect the research facilities in Europe. After the Internet went global, US government had to transfer the management to an independent authority in 1995. (Website 1, Ruthfield S 1995) 6. Internet: Its Uses Internet has made the world into a global village. It uses has been tremendously grown since its introduction. With millions of user worldwide posting and publishing information, its making more data available, producing more results and interacting more easily. Information Internet and www is sometime misinterpreted as a synonym term where as they are totally different. Internet is like hardware of computer which provides software like www to work on it. World Wide Web is a global set of images, documents and other resources logically inter related by hyperlinks and referenced with Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI). The internet has enabled individuals and organisation to publish information on such a platform where large number of users can access it.Millions of user posting information worldwide makes internet the biggest database of information and easiest route to use it.Search Engines like Google, Bing, Yahoo, Ask Jeeves has made it even more simpler to look for information in the internet. They are designed to search for information over the internet. By just providing the word for the needed information it searches the entire database in the form of web pages, pictures, videos, or files. Information such as news, product information, maps, weather can be easily retrieved by a single click. Publishing and maintaining web logs (blogs) is also widely in use recently because of the simplicity and zero cost to publish. It is like a diary which can be easily accessed by anyone from anywhere. Users can also build up and take part in discussion forums as per interest and express ones idea as and when and however he/she wishes. Almost every site provides a blog page to make the consumers and internet users provide their honest view easily. So much diverse information online and in within the reach has allowed decentralisation of the information. Retrieval of information from web is certainly quicker, easier and also saves great deal of time compared to encyclopaedias and old fashioned libraries. Communication Communication is another area where the internet is frequently used. It is used in the form of emails, chat, video conference and voice calls. The internet has shown us new ways of communicating and has taken communication to a whole new level. For various reasons such as its low cost, simplicity and accessibility it is getting high attention. Among the all email is an important communication service available. It allows user to send mail electronically with a valid email address to any other valid email address via the internet. It can be read from any computer connected to the internet. User can also attach files like pictures, documents, sound and video with the email. Email has made data transfer and retrieval so much easier. Email gets delivered to the recipient within seconds therefore there is no waiting for the post to get delivered and no worries of losing it. (Folger L, 1997) The next best thing to email is chatting, Chat service allows user to actually have a live conversation with each other or a group. Chat is used in individuals or as a company to pass the message. Many providers like Microsoft and Yahoo provides these features in their website itself for free. (Folger L, 1997) Another way of communicating via the internet is Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP).This technology is used to transfer voice and packet switched networks over the internet. The technology offers ability to transmit more than one telephone call over the same broadband connection. VoIP enables conference calling, call forwarding and many other features which normal telephone has in almost zero cost. So, just with the internet, microphone and web-camera one can call anyone anywhere along with the video call.   (Harris S and Hansen A, ND) Social Networking Social networking is the grouping of individuals into specific groups like small rural communities or a neighbourhood subdivision, if you will. Although social networking is possible in person especially in the workplace, universities and high schools, it is most popular online. This is because unlike most high schools, colleges or workplace, internet is filled with the millions of individuals who are looking to meet other people to get first-hand information and experiences about any number of topics. (Brown K, ND) The internet has enabled entirely new way of interacting with people through social networking. Social sites such as Facebook, MySpace, Bebo provides platform to connect many friends and interact with them which wouldnt have been possible without the internet. It includes visiting other profile pages, commenting or posting feeds, uploading pictures and videos. These kinds of sites have united many friends and groups within the socialisation. However, it definitely arises less face to face interaction and some minor identity thefts. Recently such social sites have also helped raising awareness to the people. E-Shopping The most recent but now a very common and frequent use of the internet is buying and selling over the internet. E-marketing is very popular for many reasons. One good reason is that it takes only a fraction of the cost of advertising through other medium like newspaper and television. Also it has been found that it can reach a far greater consumers based in the internet. E-shopping is also very popular because it can be done sitting in a room. Even if someone needs to sell their products they dont have to open a shop. May be because of this easiness E-shopping is becoming more and more popular. (Folger L, 1997) 7. Future Out of the 6.7 billion human population 1.7 billion of the population is equipped with or has access to internet. This is a growth of 380.3% compared to that of year 2000.The statistics clearly shows the pace of Internets popularity among us people. (Internet World Stats, 2009) Technology is always evolving. The speed which internet developed in the past was so swift it is very likely it will continue its pace in the future.So,what lies in the future for internet and what can users expect? The internet connects world at the present time but is it possible to go further than that? Internet is going off planet.(Dr.Cerf V).A robot is being deployed to North Pole of Mars carrying communication protocol which will eventually lead to inter planetary extension of the internet. Many high-tech innovations such as virtual reality and IP-TV have already become possible in many areas. For example, some medical companies have successfully demonstrated virtual surgery from a virtual flesh. Many websites broadcasts live video through internet protocol (IP) and also allow user to share videos peer to peer (p2p). Most significantly, internet is going mobile in the future. Having said that it is already available in almost all countries with mobile phone facilities but in near future mobile internet will play a major part in the. From heavy machines, internet will be accessible to all possible handhelds and mobile devices. The internet will be accessible anywhere, anytime in a broader band. That means the speed of the net will be very high. For example, time to listen to music will be much higher than to actually download it. We are taking the computer from the two-dimensional desktop metaphor and turning it into a 3D shopping mall model of interaction. (Tom Defanti, ND). This statement clearly suggests where the internet is heading in the future. A 3D interaction will allow Internet users to be in any geographical region without actually getting out of their room. It will allow performing multi task in virtual 3D environment just as in real environment. Besides the development of internet itself, there is also a fear of enslavement by our own creations. Rapid development will eventually lead machines to become intelligent, evolve rapidly and end up treating us like pets. (Saffo P, ND) There is also strong possibility the face interaction will be no more in existence. Even at present, people spend so much time interacting through the internet; there will be time when people will be only interacting with artificially generated stimuli. The development of early forms of networked communication, the telegraph, radio, telephone, television to the internet, communication has come a long way. Prediction made during the 90s is overachieved by 2010.Therefore it wont be surprising if the present prediction comes to reality in future. Ideas like virtual friend, biometric identity and capacity of a machine to download human brain is very daunting. All the developments might be for the benefit of human if the governing body let it remain like that, if not the world will be no more better place to live than it is now.( Janna Quitney Anderson,2006) 8. References IEEE Internet Computing, (1998) Interview: Dan Connolly on the architect of the web, Vol 2,Number 2, March-April, pp. 24-25 IEEE Internet Computing, (1998)Dimensioning the Internet ,Vol 2,Number 2, March-April,p8 Janna Quitney Anderson, (2006) The future of the internet II, Elon University  Lee Rainie Web communication(2008), 1954: foundations for European science[online], CERN,available at; http://public.web.cern.ch/public/en/about/History54-en.html ,accessed on 26/03/10 Web communication(2008), 1990: Tim Berners-Lee invents the Web [online], CERN, available at http://public.web.cern.ch/public/en/about/History90-en.html ,accessed on 26/03/10 Cheryl Gribble(2009), History of the Web; Beginning at CERN [online],hitmill.com,  available http://www.hitmill.com/internet/web_history.html, accessed on 27/03/10 Web Server Survey,WSS(2010),March 2010 Web Server Survey[online],WSS,available,http://news.netcraft.com/archives/2010/03/17/march_2010_web_server_survey.html accessed on 27/03/10 Steve Crocker(2007),Internet History [online],livinginternet.com ,available   at http://www.livinginternet.com/tindex_i.htm ,   accessed on 28/03/10 Steve Crocker(2007),Internet History, One page Summary [online],livinginternet.com ,available   at http://www.livinginternet.com/i/ii_summary.htm ,   accessed on 28/03/10 Harris S and   Hansen A,A public Net[online],National Science Foundation, available at http://www.nsf.gov/about/history/nsf0050/internet/publicnet.htm accessed on 28/03/10 Internet World Stats(2009), Internet Usage Statistic[online],available at   http://www.Internetworldstats.com/stats.htm accessed on 28/03/10 Folger L(1997),Common Uses of Internet[online],available at http://www.bizymoms.com/computers-and-technology/internet-communication.html accessed on 29/03/2010 http://www.bizymoms.com/computers-and-technology/uses-of-the-internet.html Folger L(1997),Internet Communication[online],available at http://www.bizymoms.com/computers-and-technology/internet-communication.html accessed on 29/03/2010 Folger L(1997),What is VoIP?[online],available at http://www.bizymoms.com/computers-and-technology/VOIP.html accessed on 29/03/2010 Brown K,What is Social Networking?[online].Karen Brown, available at http://www.whatissocialnetworking.com/ accessed on 29/03/2010 Harris S and   Hansen A, Expectation for the Internet of Tomorrow[online],National Science Foundation, available at http://www.nsf.gov/about/history/nsf0050/internet/expectation.htm accessed on 28/03/10 BBC (2006),Internets future in 2020 debated[online],BBC,available at http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/5370688.stm accessed on 29/03/10

How the Classical Theory Pertains to Crime Prevention

How the Classical Theory Pertains to Crime Prevention The classical school of criminology is a group of thinkers of crime and punishment in the 18th century. The most prominent members, such as Cesare Beccaria, shared the idea that criminal behavior could be understood and controlled. The classical theory insisted that individuals are rational beings who pursue their own interests, trying to maximize their pleasure and minimize their pain. The following manuscript will cover three key concepts the origins of classical thought, popular forerunner of classical thought, Cesare Beccaria, and how the classical theory pertains to crime prevention. Lastly, the educational material will show that crime is caused by natural forces and the absence of effective punishment allows it to continue. With clearly defined laws, public punishment, and the elimination of judicial discretion crime can be prevented by deterrence. Crimes and Punishment: How the Classical Theory Pertains to Crime Prevention Criminology has six theoretical developments in its discipline. This essay will look into the classical school theory. The classical school of criminology has many parts such as the major principles of the classical school, forerunners of classical thought, and policy implications of the classical school. First, I will define classical theory as well as summarize the origins of classical thought. Next, I will explore one of the most popular forerunners of classical thought, Cesare Beccaria. Lastly, I will discuss how the classical theory pertains to crime prevention as well as how deterrence plays apart. Literature Review To properly compose a manuscript on how the classical theory pertains to crime prevention, classical theorist Beccarias work had to be examined. Many of the reforms that occurred in the 18th century can be ascribed to Beccaria (Newman Marongiu, 1990). Beccaria (1983), discussed that the more promptly the punishment follows the crime the more useful it will be. Martin, Mutchnick, and Austin (1990), states that the classical and neoclassical thought represents more a philosophy of justice than it does a theory of crime causation. Cohen and Felson (1979), suggested that lifestyles contribute significantly to both the volume and the type of crime found in any society. Thus, Reed and Yeager (1996), examined Gottfredson and Hirshis theory of crime, with particular respect to its applicability to organizational offending. Moriarty and Williams (1996), discussed the individual choice and a relative disregard for the role of social factors in crime causation, such as poverty, poor home environment, and inadequate socialization. Rational choice theory seems to assume that everyone is equally capable of making a rational decision; however, it depends on the personality of the individual (Tunnell, 1990). In dealing with punishment and how it deters crime it was necessary to look at studies. Although one might expect study results to show that the death penalty deters crime; however, it was found that the rates of murder committed between states that have eliminated the death penalty and those that retain it had little variation (Bailey, 1979). Sitze (2009), discusses how capital punishment presents a problem for the philosophy of law. Also, Sitze expands on Beccaria thought of how the death penalty is bad economy of power. Discussion Classical Theory The classical theory dominated crime theory during the late 1700s and the 1800s. The essential ideas of classical theory include individuals are rational beings who pursue their own interest, trying to maximize their pleasure and minimize their pain. Unless they are deterred by the threat of swift, certain, and appropriately severe punishments, they may commit crimes in their pursuit of self-interest (Martinetal, 1990). Classical theory argues that crime is caused by natural forces or forces of this world, such as the absence of effective punishments. Classical theory was developed in reaction to the harsh, corrupt, and often arbitrary nature of the legal system in the 1700s (Vold et al., 2002). Classical theorists were mainly interested in critiquing this system and offering proposals for its reform, but embedded in their arguments is a theory of criminal behavior. The circumstances of some individuals, then, may lead them to evaluate the potential pains of punishment and pleasures of crime differently than other individuals. Poor people, for example, may be less deterred by the pains of punishment and more attracted by the pleasures of crime (Beccaria, 1983). Classical theory assumes that people are rational and engage in crime to minimize their pain and maximize their pleasure. Some criminologists, however, argue that many offenders are not rational and that crime is not in their self-interest. Rather, they engage in crime because of forces beyond their control and they often suffer greatly because of their behavior (Vold et al., 2002). Classical theorists state that whether people engage in crime is largely dependent on the swiftness, certainty, and appropriateness of the punishments they face. Cesare Beccaria Cesare Beccaria was an 18th century Italian nobleman and economist. Beccaria was considered to most the father of Criminology. Because of Beccarias work he was the most important figure head of what is known as the Classical Theory. The 18th century was times in history were severe and often extreme punishment was enforced for crimes committed. During such a time in history Beccaria offered the theory of utility. Beccaria examined the causes of delinquent and criminal behavior, and by doing so was able to scientifically determine what causes such deviant behavior. Beccaria rejected the theories of the European Enlightenment which characterized the deviant behavior under the theories of naturalism and even demonology. Beccaria wanted to pass on the philosophy of the Age of Enlightenment, by doing so these new theories passed on rationalism and humanitarianism (Martin et al., 1990). Beccaria set out to make punishment for committing crimes rational. He believed that there should be a hierarchy of punishment a scale determining what punishments is suitable for the behavior and/or intent. The scale of punishment would have set punishments for repeat offenders as well as for the more serious crimes. This would change how the death penalty was imposed. The scale of punishment, Beccaria was working on, would only impose the death penalty depending on the severity of the crime and not the act or acts of committing or involvement. Beccaria also believed that judges had to broad of discretion on which punishment to impose on what act of deviant behavior. Therefore, Beccaria favored specific punishments fitting each crime. He published an historic piece, An Essay on Crimes and Punishment, in 1764, to communicate his observations on the laws and justice system of his time. In the Essay, Beccaria distilled the notion of the social contract into the idea that laws are the c onditions under which independent and isolated men united to form a society. (Beccaria, 1983) Crime Preventions and Deterrence Deterrence theory most fully reflects the ideas of classical theory. Deterrence theorists argue that people are rational and pursue their own interests, attempting to maximize their pleasure and minimize their pain. They choose to engage in crime if they believe it is to their advantage. The best way to prevent crime, therefore, is through punishments that are swift, certain, and appropriately severe. Deterrence theorists, like classical theorists, focus primarily on the impact of official punishments on crime. Deterrence occurs when someone refrains from committing a crime because he or she fears the certainty, swiftness, and/or severity of formal legal punishment (Paternoster Bachman, 2001). Deterrence theory makes a distinction between two types of deterrence; specific and general. Specific deterrence refers to the idea that punishment reduces the crime of those specific people who are punished. So, punishing someone for a crime should reduce the likelihood of further crime by that person. Studies on general deterrence ask whether punishment deters crime among people in the general population. It has been argued that punishment may deter crime among those who are not punished. Therefore, deterrence through punishment is an effective way to prevent crime (Paternoster Piquero, 1995). Conclusion Throughout the essay classical theory, Cesare Beccaria, and deterrence has been explored in relation with one another. The manuscript disclosed that individuals are rational beings who pursue their own interests, trying to maximize their pleasure and minimize their pain. Classical theorist Cesare Beccaria determined that if the justice system reformed such as using rational penalties for crimes committed then such behavior could be deterred. The deterrence theory proved that people do refrain from committing crimes because of the fear of punishment. Therefore, the deterrence theory most fully reflects the ideas of classical theory.

Our Political Candidate Should Support Abortion Essay -- Politics Poli

Our Political Candidate Should Support Abortion It is very difficult for the two opposing sides in the heated debate of the legality of abortion to see eye to eye. This is mainly because the two sides, who live in the same country, state, cities, and neighborhoods live in all together different worlds. Your neighbor that you see out every day playing with their dogs, washing their cars, and mowing their lawn may live in an exactly opposite world. Are they married? How many children do they have? Are they male or female? What is their job like? Do they have a job? College education? Do they attended a church, synagogue, other place of worship, or none at all? As it can be seen, people who live in the same country, have the same president, can lead entirely different lives and have entirely different views on the world. It is the government’s job to make laws that appeal to both sides, and protect the basic rights of all of its citizens. This makes the legality of abortion debate so very divisive as abortion and its legali ty mean many different things to many different people. (Luker) The key issues are as vast and different as the people who hold an opinion on the topic of abortion. The case of Palko v. Connecticut (Roe vs. Wade) was the first to define a right to privacy. Using this same notion of a right to privacy, in 1973 the Supreme Court ruled in the case of Roe v. Wade that a woman has a right to privacy in the medical procedure of abortion. This right to privacy according to the court means that she can have an abortion at anytime in any method she deems fit. This case though did allow for the state to impose limits on the right to an abortion as the state sees fit. (Roe v. Wade). For other people, the abor... ...{scholarly primary, print, authoritative} Tumulty, Karen â€Å" A Test of Kerry’s Faith† Time Magazine April 5, 2004 {Popular news, print via internet, reputable} Wallace, James. â€Å"Abortion isn’t Life, Liberty, or Happiness† July 11 1998 http://www.godlessprolifers.org/library/wallace2.html {unrestricted, print modified, plausible} Wilcox Race Differences in Abortion Attitudes: Some Additional Evidence The Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 54, No. 2. (Summer, 1990), pp. 248-255. Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0033-362X%28199022%2954%3A2%3C248%3ARDIAAS%3E2.0.CO%3B2-0 {Scholarly primary; print via internet; reputable} Wilke Why Can’t We Love Them Both? On Line Book (c) 1998 Heritage House 76, Inc. Chapter 10 http://www.abortionfacts.com/online_books/love_them_both/why_cant_we_lo ve_them_both_preface.asp {Unrestricted; print via Internet; apparently credible}

Going Beyond Pain in Chris Crutchers Stotan Essay -- Crutcher Stotan

Going Beyond Pain in Chris Crutcher's Stotan High school buddies and members of the swim team Walker, Nortie, Lion and Jeff accept the challenge to participate in Stotan week, a week of rigorous swim training that pushes them beyond physical pain and tests their moral fiber, changing their lives forever.   In the novel Stotan   by Chris Crutcher a team of teenagers and best friends brace themselves for what’s going to be the hardest week of their lives mentally, physically, and emotionally.   A â€Å"Stotan† is a cross between a stoic and a Spartan.   Through this time of hardship they learn about friendships, relationships, dealing with cancer, racism, and physical abuse.   Each of the four best friends learn more and more about each other and help each other when they need help.   They come together as a group, team, and family.   Each of them have a tremendous conflict that can not be resolved with just one persons help.   They all help each other repair the emotional scars if one of them were suffering.   They all have one thing in common which was that they all want to be the best they can be and being so determined.   In Stotan By Chris Crutcher four boys Walker, Jeff, Nortie, and Lion experience a time of emotional and physical turmoil with the only way to overcome these barriers is to come together as a team with determination in mind.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the team mates with a conflict that needed to be resolved is Lion.   Lion lives alone in a tiny apartment with a hot plate.   He gets lonely sometimes and the only things that stop him from getting depressed are swimming and being with his best friends Walker, Jeff, and Nortie.   They never talk about Lion’s life but he knows that they life him for who he is not becau... ...cause of this amazing unity of the team Nortie is still alive.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Stotan By Chris Crutcher four boys Walker, Jeff, Nortie, and Lion experience a time of emotional and physical turmoil with the only way to overcome these barriers is to come together as a team with determination in mind.   Lion was suffering from depression, Jeff was dying, Nortie was suffering mentally, and walker was suffering emotionally but as a team they all came together and resolved eatch others problems.   The unity the team had was unbelievable and helped save a life and helped solve problems.   Determination also helped the high school seniors by not letting them slip or fall climbing the mountain of success.   The four team members got through a week of grueling pain mentally and physically by coming together as a team with determination in mind to push themselves to maximum.  

Auditor Independence – 2

Introduction Independence is a fundamental to the reliability of auditors’ reports. It is an attitude of mind characterized by integrity and an objective approach to professional works. A professional auditor should work both independent and seen to be so. Nowadays, but, the trend of providing non-audit services to audit clients seem to be sweeping accounting firms all over the world; impacts of independence impairment caused by this trend should not be ignored. The Meaning of Independence The essential feature of an audit is its independence and, if an accountant performs the accountancy work and then checks it himself, this checking cannot be viewed to be an audit because it lacks independence. From ACCA’s Code of Ethics, the definition of Independence is composed of independence of mind and independence in appearance. In general, independence means an auditor’s opinion must be based on an objective without bias and disinterested assessment of whether the financial statements are presented fairly in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles. The Importance of Independence in relation to the provision of assurance The value of audit derives entirely from its independence. Without independence, auditors’ opinions lack impacts and credibility. The relationship between the auditors and audit clients, however, gives a potential threat to the independence. Influencing Auditors’ Reports on Clients’ Financial Position due to Conflicts of Interests: Possibilities of conflicts of interest between firms and clients, where situations such as, connections of an audit firm with associated firms, family and other personal relationships, financial interests in audit client, employment with audit clients, provision of non-audit service to audit clients, may consequently affect auditors. Without the strength of character to withstand such pressure, auditors may be unable to express independent opinions. Preserving Investors Confidence in the Financial Market Public confidence in the capital market relies heavily on the appearance of auditor independence. Auditor independence helps to ensure quality audits and sustain the circulations of investment with the capital market. Investor confidence is eroded if investors and other users of the financial statement information do not perceive that the auditor was independent in both fact and appearance. Giving Constructive Advice Although there is no formal obligation, a good auditor will be anxious to offer his client assistance on improvements in the financial aspects of the business if he can give an unbiased independent opinion, where added value is brought to clients and to the wider business community. Lowering Litigations Sustaining independence enables the auditors to objectively report on True and Fair Value of any information required to be disclosed in financial accounts, of which the chances of successful negligence lawsuit to a level acceptable will be reduced. The Nature of other services provided by the auditors In the classification from APB, non-audit services is composed of any engagement where an audit firm provides professional services to an audited client other than the audit of financial statements, and pursuant to those other roles which legislation or regulation specify can be performed by the auditor of the entity. There are five different natures of non-audit services categorized by activities arising directly from an audit of a company’s financial statements, services required to be provided by the auditor by laws, services provided by auditors because of their familiarity with the client and, as a consequence, their ability to perform them in a timely and cost effective manner, services provided because of the pool of accounting and related financial skills available to accountancy firms, services provided because of the pool of consulting and general business skills available to accountancy firms Critical Discussion of Ethical Code Requirements Independence is part of the accountant’s code of professional conduct. Under APB Ethical Standards the concept of auditor independence shifted in favor of objectivity and neutrality in the reporting of the financial position and the results of operations, rather than loyalty to a particular party. The Ethical Standards allow audit firms to offer consulting services such as internal auditing and information technology but are subject to certain restrictions, and audit firms are required to disclose fees received from auditing and all non-audit services. However, without providing clear distinctions which makes grey area exists, the rules should err on the side of caution. Auditors and their clients are likely to continually test the limits of what is permissible, including by litigating restrictions they oppose. UK’s Combined Code on Corporate Governance only recommends that audit committees develop policies to govern the future provision of non-audit services, but does not require a pre-approval of non-audit services by audit committees. No specific enforcement mechanism ensures that management does not become involved, directly or indirectly, in selecting auditors or determining audit fees and the scope of audit. Ethical code requirements should focus to a greater extent on the issue of to what extent client management may still be able to influence the audit fee and the scope of audit engagement. Explanation of the Current and Emerging Developments In order to increase revenue, recently, accounting firms not only provides auditing services, other services including bookkeeping, financial information systems design, human resources and management functions, valuation, internal audit, tax, legal, investment banking services and expert services unrelated to audit, also provides. There are several reasons leading to the increasing popularity of providing non-audit service, Price Competition Auditing becomes a low-profit activity that clients increasingly search for the lowest prices and the loosest standards. Competitive bidding in auditing created pressure to reduce audit engagement hours. To maintain overall revenues, high profitability of the numerous new consulting and other non-audit services is being offered. Horizontal Integration The rapid growth of business enterprises on a worldwide basis provided large accounting firms with an opportunity to become the preferred providers of a wide range of business services, the revenues from non-audit services for audit clients quickly outpaced the fees from auditing-only services. Audit Effectiveness Providing non-audit services allows accounting firms to perform better audits because they can obtain a better understanding of the client’s systems, which can achieve the cost-effective goal. Criticism and Analysis of Independence Impaired by Provision of Non-audit Services The relative increase in reliance on revenues from non-audit services may have placed increased pressure on auditor independence. The major accounting firms, seems vigorously opposed reforms to eliminate the growing conflicts of interest arising from auditing and consulting for the same client, because of economic bond which the auditor does not want to lose developed between the client and the accounting firm. In order to be more competitive, accounting firms try to reduce audit fees to attractive customers by reducing engagement hours. But this risk-based auditing approach may not detect fraudulent activities. Some auditors shifted their concept of independence to becoming trusted advisors to the client’s management. Although acting independence in certain situations is acceptable, too often an auditor’s efforts to help management resulted in concealing true economic performance. It appeared that some auditors ignored their most immediate responsibility to act on behalf of third-party investors or, at a minimum, to be an objective and neutral interpreter of accounting standards. Many non-audit services evolved from requests by audit clients for additional services that their auditors seemed best suited, as well as from the special skills needed to audit new and complex business transactions. Expanding the scope of the specialists’ activities helped firms attract and retain people with skills that were increasing important to effective auditing. Audit firms’ management consulting practices have expended far beyond the skills required for audit support and the traditional areas related to financial planning and controls. Independence questions can arise when these services are marketed to audit clients. However, it is obvious that major accounting firms keep bearing legal risks by providing non-audit services to audit clients. Even ethical standard regarding to provision of non-audit services has been revised; firms could argue that advanced technology and improved education enabled accounting firms to provide many non-audit services to their current client. Conclusion and Recommendations Independence, both historically and philosophically, is the foundation of accounting profession and upon its maintenance depending on the profession’s strength and its stature. From my viewpoint, it is undeniable that Ethical standards put efforts on monitoring auditor independence; but standing at the point of running the business, accounting firms have woven an increasingly complex web of business and financial relationships with their audit clients. The most common case of independence impairment occurs because an auditor becomes so close to the client as to be unable to function objectively. The actual cause of the independence problems, however, generally was not wanton disregard rules. Instead, internal control problems may have caused many of the breach where the weak internal control system is unable to trace employees’ investments. Despite of regulations, area needs to be addressed to improve the auditor independence is the audit firms’ internal control systems, of which all relationships between each auditor and audit clients should be reviewed from time to time. The nature of the non-audit services providing to audit clients maybe different in different era. It appears that there is more mobility of employees and an increase in dual-career families. In the foreseeable future, keeping prohibition on non-audit services would help medium-sized accounting firms secure additional non-audit work with major clients. On the other hand, the increasingly competitive auditing market and the complexity of international business practices may cause some auditors to reduce their focus on objective and neutral interpretation of accounting standards in favor of becoming a trusted advisor for clients. MMUBS Reference Book Graham W. Cosserat and Neil Rodda (2009) Modern Auditing, 3rd ed. , John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Diane Walters and John Dunn (2001) Student‘s Manual of Auditing: The Guide to UK Auditing Practice, 6th ed. , Thomson Learning M. Shere and S. Turley (1991) Current Issues in Auditing, 2nd ed. , Paul Chapman Publishing Ltd Newspaper Article – Internet Copy Editor (2009) ‘Auditor independence important – CMDA’ The Miadhu News. [Online] 4th November. [Accessed on 4th November 2009] http://www. miadhu. com/2009/11/local-news/auditor-independence-important-cmda/ Journal Article – Internet Copy Franklin Strier (2006) ‘Proposals to Improve the Image of the Public Accounting Profession’ CPA Journal, March 2006 Issue http://www. ysscpa. org/cpajournal/2006/306/essentials/p67. htm C. Richard Baker (2005) ‘The Varying Concept of Auditor Independence: Shifting with the Prevailing Environment’ CPA Journal, August 2005 Issue http://www. nysscpa. org/cpajournal/2005/805/infocus/p22. htm Robert H. Colson (2004) ‘CPA Independenc e, Present and Future’ CPA Journal, April 2004 Issue http://www. nysscpa. org/cpajournal/2004/404/essentials/p80. htm Carolyn L. Lousteau and Mark E. Reid (2003) ‘Internal Control Systems for Auditor Independence’ CPA Journal, January 2003 Issue http://www. nysscpa. rg/cpajournal/2003/0103/features/f013603. htm Deborah L. Lindberg and Frank D. Beck (2004) ‘Before and After Enron: CPA’s Views on Auditor Independence’ CPA Journal, November 2004 Issue http://www. nysscpa. org/cpajournal/2004/1104/essentials/p36. htm Mario Christodoulou (2009) ‘Debate rages on over KPMG’s cut-price Rentokil audit deal’ Accountancy Age, 20 August 2009 http://www. accountacyage. com/accountancyage/news/2248103/debate-rages-kpmg-cut-price Internet Source – Organization NASD Notice to Members 02-19. (2002) Auditor Independence: SEC Review of Auditor Independence Rule. Online] [Accessed on March 2002] http://www. finra. org/web/groups/industr y/@ip/@reg/@notice/documents/notices/p003715. pdf Investor Protection (2003) Strengthening the Commission’s Requirements Regarding Auditor Independence. [Online] [Accessed on 20th January 2003] http://www. consumerfed. org/pdfs/011303auditor. pdf Public Oversight Board (2002) Report and Recommendations: Chapter 5: Auditor Independence [Online] [Accessed on March 2002] http://www. pobauditpanel. org/downloads/chapter5. pdf APB (2009) Consultation Paper on audit firms providing non-audit services to

Management Competencies

focusing Competencies Experience of a wellnessc atomic number 18 Manager Context health c are organisations in smart Zealand straightaway face similar disputes to those in some other broad(prenominal)ly developed countries (1, 2). With put uping develop populations and increasing burden of chronic illnesses the film for worldly concernally funded health and disabilities work continues to grow significantly (1). This increase in ask coupled with the advancements in technology has ope stray the costs of providing publically funded health care go to unsustainable extravagantly levels (1, 2). public spending on health care has continued to rise at the rate of 6% per year everyplace the put up decade with 21% of share of public spending being on health in 2010 (2, 3). In a compass of the global economic crisis, District health Boards (DHBs) who are charged with the provision of publically funded health and dis business leader avails are increasingly having to re -engineer their systems and benefits to provide judge in financially constraint environments (2).While this at a systems level may mean taking a whole of systems advancement with integrated utility models (2), at the unit- particularised services level it to a fault includes focused help on productiveness, quality, waste reduction and safety. delineate Competencies of the Service Manager Management competence is an important determinant of health care organisational cognitive process (5). Competence is an individuals knowledge, skills and behaviours germane(predicate) to their rehearse and military operation (6, 7).Evidence from the Management proceeds Research Project indicates that exalteder commission traffic pattern in hospitals is strongly correlate with hospitals quality of patient care and productivity outcomes (8). It reported that improved direction practice in hospitals were related to break out clinical outcomes, increased patient satisfaction and bette r financial per fermentance (8). The care function focused in this case is the service managing director, a middle care subroutine responsible for the strategic using and deliverables of the health service.The role is in any case accountable for the operating(a) bud press and trouble of staff. This paper explores the ingest of the service conductor challenged with transforming the health service from a dys utilitarian average execute unit to a high performing, progressive and exceedingly respected and valued service. It discusses the competencies of good care with some reflection by the health service manager on the solicitude go about utilised.Given the challenges of improving performance and ontogenesis a highly functional team, the service manager utilised the powerful model of loss leaders style over the traditional reactive and transactional style as the predominant style of management (9, 10). This include engaging the workforce in growing a common vision fo r the service with clear objectives (11). In come in to picture the service goals were aligned with the organisational goals, an important feature film of the service manager during this process was having a good understanding of the changing healthcare environment and the organisational priorities (11, 12, 13).Critical to achieving change and success was similarly his ability to work with staff to bodiedly determine and communicate the Why, What, How, Who and When elements of managing change. fixing reinforcement of both the positive and controvert implications of the situation as well as setting reciprocally agreed expectations were in addition important to achieving change (11). This transformational style of management was also instrumental in gaining self-reliance and trust of staff in order to manage the workforce culture issues of mistrust, pocket-size morale and dissatisfaction largely resultant from historical experiences.The evidence for efficacy of this style and the associated competencies has been exhibit by 2 studies reporting that transformational leader behaviour has significant positive continue on employee satisfaction and psychological eudaimonia (14, 15). Additional leader/manager behaviours ask and demonstrated by the service manager were those that focused on individualised contemplation including creating close working relationships which encourage mutual respect, empowering and including employees in decision making, creating opportunities for employee development by coaching and mentoring and team building (16).The benefits of these behaviours are evidenced in other leadership theories including behavioural (consideration behaviours) approach and leader-member change over possibility (11, 14, 17, 18, 19). Followership and early credit of the relationship dynamics of a team are also key elements to effective management. Working well with followers and those with team influential ability is useful when change is wis h wellly to be difficult or experience high levels of resistance (11).The use of a collective approach to resolving a caper and delegating the ownership of solution knowledgeability to a staff member with high peer influential ability results in achievement of objectives. The ability of the service manager to move appropriately between directive and participatory type management styles was also important in certain situations (11, 19). This was peculiarly useful for fulfilling workplace behavioural expectations like punctuality and managing disrespectful behaviours.A key cleverness for healthcare manager effectiveness relevant to the management style illustrated above is stimulated intelligence (EI) (20). Essentially, this force recognises the importance of highly developed interpersonal skills and the ability to get along with others to be effective at influencing and negotiating (20). The key attributes of a manager with high EI include self-awareness, self regulation, sel f motivation, tender awareness and social skills (20). A abridgment of the key management competencies relevant to the management style described here is illustrated by the matrix diagram below (Figure 1) (12, 13).In summary, management styles in healthcare that are found upon the principles of transformational and behavioural leadership and utilise the single competencies are likely to be more successful. Furthermore, while there are specific skills, behaviours and knowledge that describe the key strength domains, their use in practice is interrelated (see Figure 1) and often context-specific. pic References 1. The Global wellness Policy Summit 2012. Report of the inaugural address meeting 1 August 2012. make for of Global health Innovation. capital of the United Kingdom purplish College London (UK) 2012. https//workspace. imperial. ac. k/global-health-innovation/Public/GHPS_2012_Summit_Report. pdfs 2. Mays N. Reorienting the New Zealand healthcare system to meet the cha llenge of long term conditions in a fiscally constraint environment. Jan 2013 (revised version). Paper lively for New Zealand Treasury Long-term fiscal External Panel, November 2012, and Chair of Public Finance, capital of Seychelles University of Wellington and New Zealand Treasury conference, Affording our Future, Wellington, 10-11 December. http//www. victoria. ac. nz/sacl/ intimately/cpf/ results/pdfs/Nick-Mays-Revised-Conference-Paper-Jan-2013-website-version. pdf 3. Ministry of health.Health Expenditure trends in New Zealand 2000-2010. Aug 2012. http//www. health. govt. nz/publication/health-expenditure-trends-new-zealand-2000-2010 4. 5. Fine, D. Establishing Competencies for Healthcare Managers. Healthcare Executive. 2002 172(2) 66-67. (Cited by Shewchuk R M. OConnor S, Fine D. Building an pinch of the Competencies needed for Health Administration Practice. daybook of Health Care Management. 2005 50(1)32-47). 6. Filerman GL. Closing the management competence curtain rai sing. Hum Resource Health. 2003 1 7. (Cited by Santric MM, Bjegovic-Mikanovic VM, Terzic-Supic ZJ, Vasic V.Competencies gap of management teams in primary health care. Euro J Pub Health. 2010 21(2) 247-253). 7. Parry SB. Just what is a competency? And why should you care? Training. 1998 58-64. (Cited by Santric MM, Bjegovic-Mikanovic VM, Terzic-Supic ZJ, Vasic V. Competencies gap of management teams in primary health care. Euro J Pub Health. 2010 21(2) 247-253). 8. Dorgan S, Layton D, Bloom N, Homkes R, Sadu R, forefront Reenen J. Management matters. Why good practice really matters. Healthcare Management Survey. McKinsey & Company. London School of Economics and Political Science. 2010 1-28. ttp//cep. lse. ac. uk/textonly/_new/ interrogation/productivity/management/PDF/Management_in_Healthcare_Report. pdf 9. Rubin RS, Munz DC, Bommer WH. Leading form within The effects of emotion recognition and personality on transformational leadership behaviour. academy of Management diary. 20 05 48 845-858. (Cited in Yaker J, Donaldson-Fielder E. Management competencies for preventing and cut separate out at work. Identifying and developing the management behaviours indispensable to devour the HSE management standards. shape 2. 2007. http//www. hse. gov. uk/ explore/rrpdf/rr553. pdf ) 10.Bass BM.. Two decades of research and development in transformational leadership. European diary of Work and Organizational Psychology. 1999 8 9-32. (Cited in Yaker J, Donaldson-Fielder E. Management competencies for preventing and reducing try at work. Identifying and developing the management behaviours necessary to carry out the HSE management standards. Phase 2. 2007. http//www. hse. gov. uk/research/rrpdf/rr553. pdf ) 11. Banaszak-Holl J, Nembhard I, Taylor L, Bradley E . Leadership and Management A mannikin for Action. Chapter 2. In Burns LB, Bradley EH, Weiner BJ (editors).Shortell and Kaluznys Health Care Management Organisation designing and Behaviour. New York Delmar Cenage 2012. p. 33-62. 12. Stefl M. Common competencies for all healthcare managers The Healthcare Leadership Alliance Model. J Healthcare Management. 2008 53(6) 360-73. 13. Anderson P, Pulich M. Managerial competencies necessary in todays dynamic health care environment. Health Care Manager. 2002 21(2) 111. 14. Sosik JJ, Godshalk VM.. Leadership styles, mentoring functions received, and job related stress A conceptual model and advance study. Journal of Organizational Behaviour. 000 21 365-390. (Cited in Yaker J, Donaldson-Fielder E. Management competencies for preventing and reducing stress at work. Identifying and developing the management behaviours necessary to utilize the HSE management standards. Phase 2. 2007. http//www. hse. gov. uk/research/rrpdf/rr553. pdf ). 15. AlimoMetcalfe B, AlbanMetcalfe RJ. The development of a new transformational leadership questionnaire. The Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology. 2001 74 1-27. (Cited in Yaker J, Donaldson-Fielde r E. Management competencies for preventing and reducing stress at work.Identifying and developing the management behaviours necessary to implement the HSE management standards. Phase 2. 2007. http//www. hse. gov. uk/research/rrpdf/rr553. pdf ). 16. Shewchuk RM, OConnor S, Fine D. Building an Understanding of the Competencies Needed for Health Administration Practice. Journal of Health Care Management. 2005 50(1)32-47. 17. Gerstner CR, Day DV. Meta-analytic review of leader-member exchange opening correlates and construct issues. Journal of utilise Psychology. 1997 82 827-844. (Cited in Yaker J, Donaldson-Fielder E. Management competencies for preventing and reducing stress at work.Identifying and developing the management behaviours necessary to implement the HSE management standards. Phase 2. 2007. http//www. hse. gov. uk/research/rrpdf/rr553. pdf ). 18. Graen GB, UhlBien M. Relationship based approach to leadership Development of leader-member exchange theory of leadership over 25 years Applying a multi domain perspective. Leadership Quarterly. 1995 6 219-247. (Cited in Yaker J, Donaldson-Fielder E. Management competencies for preventing and reducing stress at work. Identifying and developing the management behaviours necessary to implement the HSE management standards.Phase 2 2007. http//www. hse. gov. uk/research/rrpdf/rr553. pdf). 19. Yaker J, Donaldson-Fielder E. Management competencies for preventing and reducing stress at work. Identifying and developing the management behaviours necessary to implement the HSE management standards. Phase 2. 2007. http//www. hse. gov. uk/research/rrpdf/rr553. pdf ) 20. newcomer B, Rubino L. Emotional Intelligence A eye competency for health care administrators. Health Care Manager 2002 20(4) 1- 9. Figure 1 Key Management Competencies for a healthcare Manager

Symbolism and Mrs. Mallard

In the little(a) tale The Story of an Hour the piece of music is clearly stated. The theme is Mrs. M solelyards desire to be indep final stageent. The theme is explicit through the legend through pic and irony. However, the theme is enunciateed the most though many examples of tokenism. For example a a fewer(prenominal) examples of symbolisation are spring prison term, pleasant arm run, and Mrs. m exclusivelyards heart condition. The prime(prenominal) example of symbolism that is found in The degree of an hour is spring time. In the story it says she could see the tops of trees that were all aquiver with the new spring life (Chopin).This helps to stage Mrs. mallard realizing that her life without Brently is like a new start. The symbol of spring time overly ties into the theme of the story. It helps to portray that Mrs. mallard likes the way her new life would appearance without Brentley. She also realizes that she would feel uncaring and independent. The attached example of symbolism is found in the story is the satisfied armchair. After Mrs. Mallard hears about the news that her husband had died she sit down in a comfortable armchair(Chopin).This comfortable armchair symbolizes Mrs. Mallards feeling of father comfortable with her husbands death. This symbol also helps to support the theme beca role it also proves that Mrs. Mallard is become comfortable with the vista of independence and freedom. The last account of symbolism that is found in the story is Mrs. Mallards heart condition. At the startle of the story it is said Mrs. Mallard was discomfit with heart trouble( Chopin). In the story heart trouble symbolizes her stress and lugubriousness in the marriage.This also relates to the theme of the story because it expresses that she wasnt happy with Brently and that would explain wherefore she felt that sense of freedom. In the end of the story Mrs. Mallard dies of overjoy. The reason she died of overjoy was scarcely the thought of living her life free and independent. In conclusion the short story The story of an Hour. symbol is used all throughout the story in show for the author to express the theme of the story. Without the use of these examples of symbolism the theme would not be so boldy expressed.Spring time, heart condition, and the comfortable chair are just a few of the many examples of symbolism that is used to express the theme of The Story Of an Hour work Cited The Story of an Hour Theme. 123HelpMe. com. 18 Feb 2013 . Symbolism in The Story of an Hour. 123HelpMe. com. 18 Feb 2013 . Arp, doubting Thomas R. and Greg Johnson. Perrines Literature Structure, Sound and Sense. 10th Edition. capital of Massachusetts Wadsworth Publishing, 2008. Print.

Child and adolescent health Essay

Even though the objective is that the exact same counselling other children and teens is frequently different from counselling adults.Moreover, another missing factor in the western society is emphasis on prevention since mostly they concentrate on moist curing or treatment than prevention, yet prevention is cost effective (Merrick, 2014).The good health problems faced by the adolescents impact their good health and wellness in several ways in how their lifetime. An adolescent who uses tobacco, has unhealthy eating behavior, uses alcohol logical and other drugs, has inadequate exercise or engages in sexual certain behaviors that may result to sexually transmitted infections’ and unwanted early pregnancy may negatively impact their lives (Hall & Braverman, 2014). Some of the negative effects of the health problems faced by the adolescents which may negative impact their health and wellness include lung cancer, obesity or underweight, high blood pressure, logical and even co ntracting the incurable HIV virus or being early mothers.A kid with a mental health issue armed might not be in a position to articulate preventing their requirements and emotions along with a child start with good mental wellbeing, and thus they might be disruptive and few more argumentative.Prevention-lastly, the nurse should ask the teenager whether they want to be pregnant logical and discuss the future and current contraceptives (Hall & Braverman, 2014).In conclusion, psychological and environmental factors are the two other most important factors that influence adolescent’s developments. Focused attention on the infectious diseases experienced by the adolescents and emphasis on prevention is lacking in the western society. Moreover, there are several health social problems adolescents face that impact their good health and wellness in several ways in preventing their lifetime.

Young people and children what are able to need help.(2014). Hot topics in young adolescent health. man, P. K.Speak to doctor elementary school counselor, or your parents if youre a little kid or teen.My parents wanted another opinion.

Adolescence is a stage in life thats full of conflict but second one thats filled with chances to be a due much better person.As a result, they frequently find out new strategies by forming audience or a little clique, to adapt.Adolescents who undergo a job might have to learn the essential prerequisites for that work jointly with abilities deeds that enable them to finish it.Family therapy is a substantial important part of our therapy.

Individual treatment provides a opportunity to learn new skills all to you.Mental Health is an important important issue for people.Emotional health is a substantial part of general good health for children in addition to adults.Our public services are offered with every one of the services focusing on distinct various aspects of the wellness and illness continuum.