Where Do I Look For An Analytical Essay Sample?

Where Do I Look For An Analytical Essay Sample?Have you ever sat down to compose an essay or dissertation and thought about doing it yourself, but never got around to it? A lot of people think they would be very good at writing academic papers. They have a bit of experience and you wonder why they can't just give a document written by them, but nobody's ever heard of them.Well, unless you've been writing about something for a while, you are going to come across a lot of mistakes when looking for an analytical essay sample. I'm not saying that you should just get one, but if you do then don't worry too much about it.The first thing you should do is write articles. This is going to let you see how well you're able to organize your thoughts and organize them in such a way that they make sense.Next, do research articles. One of the most important parts of any essay is the research you do on your topic. If you are able to organize this information, you can easily read your way through the entire document and just without reading it. Doing this article will also help you to see the problems that you are having with your own writing and how you can make them better.Try to locate other articles written by professionals in your field that will give you insight on how to organize your thoughts and create a coherent writing. Also, try to find some analytical essay samples that are written by people who can actually understand what you're trying to say.Last, you can try looking for another analytical essay sample that you can just use as a guideline. This way, you will always know where you are going wrong and how to correct them.Now, if you have already found one, then take a look at the quality of the analytical essay sample. You need to find something that is easy to understand and organized, but one that is still very creative and original.Of course, there are a lot of different academic examples you can look at. You just need to find the ones that best illustrate how the writer is able to write, what they are able to do with their words, and their approach to research.

Itc problems free essay sample

What problems do you think ITC is going to face in the future due to ban in cigarette advertising? Answer ITCs cigarettes are manufactured in state-of-the-art factories at Bengaluru, Munger, Saharanpur, Kolkata and Pune, with cutting-edge technology ; excellent work practices benchmarked to the best globally. An efficient supply-chain ; distribution network reaches Indias popular brands across the length breadth of the country. ecause the government want to reduce the number of people that smoke in the interest of public safety. there is a cost involved to the comunity as a result of illness caused by smoking and by reducing advertisement the uptake of smoking is reduced and the giving up of smoking becomes easier for those that wish to do so. Because Government thinks it knows what is best for you, like it or not. – 2. How uncontrollable is the legal environment in the case of ITC cigarette operations in India?Should they lobby to lift the ban on cigarette advertising? If no, how should they promote their brand? Answer: The phenomenon of Climate change, a result of global warming, is caused principally by large-scale emissions of gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2). We will write a custom essay sample on Itc problems or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Global warming exacerbates the challenges of poverty and environmental degradation and poses a threat of far reaching consequences. ITC has been at the forefront of corporate Indias initiatives to progressively reduce Green House Gas emissions.Its businesses continue to enlarge the Companys positive carbon footprint through energy conservation, use of renewable sources of energy and identifying ways of mitigating the adverse effects of climate change caused by global warming. ITC has implemented several CDM projects under the Kyoto Protocol and ensured carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration through large-scale social and farm forestry initiatives. ITC has proactively aligned its strategies and joined international efforts in mitigating/delaying the adverse impacts of climate change.All ITC businesses strive to minimize energy consumption and wherever possible use environment friendly sources of energy. Sequestration is a scientifically well-established technique to reduce the total carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. ITCs social and farm forestry initiatives have created a green cover of over 125,000 hectares, consolidating its position as a Carbon Positive corporation for six years in a row. ITC invests significantly in research and development to create clonal saplings that are disease resistant, grow faster, and have higher survival rates.These are provided to farmers to enable them to convert their private degraded wastelands into viable pulpwood plantations. In addition, it provides sustainable raw material sources for the Companys Paperboards business, and also creates livelihood opportunities for disadvantaged tribals and farmers in rural areas. This initiative has already created 56 million person days of employment. Energy efficiency practices of ITC have helped in achieving world-class standards of energy utilisation in several units. Through a rigorous process of audits supported by benchmarking, specific energy consumption has been reduced year on year. 30. 9 % of ITC’s energy consumption is from renewable sources. Flowing from its commitment to the triple bottom line philosophy, ITC has chosen Wind Energy as a focus area for enhancing its positive environmental footprint. The Company has already invested in wind energy generation in Tamil Nadu to meet the requirements of its Packaging business in Chennai. This 14 megawatt Clean Energy Initiative has delivered performance parameters which exceed original projections.Rainwater Harvesting both at the Company premises and through external watershed development projects in socially relevant areas have consolidated ITCs water positive status for 9 consecutive years. Total rainwater harvesting potential so far developed by the Company is more than 2 times the total water consumed by its operations. Solid Waste Recycling Positive Solid Waste Recycling Positive Waste management, in India, is an area of serious concern, with significant proportions of waste being disposed through land filling and dumping.Most landfills and dumping sites are serious health hazards to people living in the neighbourhood and can also cause soil and water contamination. Cigarette factories at Bengaluru, Saharanpur, Munger and Kolkata, Leaf Threshing Units at Chirala ; Anaparti, Paperboards ; Specialty Paper Units at Tribeni, the ITC Green Centre at Gurgaon, Surya Nepals Cigarette factory at Simra, and ITC Hotels Maurya, Maratha, Grand Central, Sonar, Windsor, Mughal, Kakatiya Sheraton Hotels New Delhi Rajputana reused/ recycled almost the entire waste generated (more than 99%) out of their operations.

Street Children Essays

Street Children Essays Street Children Essay Street Children Essay In the last 100 years , The Number of street children has risen in a scary way . The United Nations lately tried to estimate Their number . The estimated number was terrifying ,it was 150 million and rising daily . These children are part of the of future of our communities. Their age range is from three to eighteen years old, 40% of them are homeless. Imagine a three years old child roaming the streets with no place to go with no home! While the other 60% work on the streets to support their families . The Problem is that these street children are not in one country, not even one continent but they are all over the world especially in Africa, north and south America . According to statistics in the year 2000, the street children reached three-hundred and fifty thousand and rising, while in Latin America and Caribbean their number reached four hundred and ten thousand . On the other hand in all the developing world the number of street children reached 2. 5 million . But that is not all, These children while they are in the streets unable to go to school, they face a lot of problems like child trafficking, prostitution and working under severe conditions which are all against children rights. (Ennew) Identifying reasons for the existence of street children is essential in order to find a permanent solution for the problem, one of the main factors that contributes in the dramatic increase of street children is Poverty which caused by underemployment and low education standards and the lack of awareness of the benefits of family planning and birth control ways which leads to high birth rates, And in some part of the world specifically in developing countries like Rwanda and the Cambodia, the population has been pushed above the capacity of land and thus the standard of living has decreased and where the average number of children per family is eight, and according to official statistics 35 percent of the population in Cambodia lives below the poverty line where the average income of a person per day is 1800 Riel/0. 5 Sudan so they can’t afford a good standard of living by their income to their selves or their children and with the overcrowded schools and the government don’t offer suitable education with suitable price for their community, and with the low income of the parents they can’t afford to send their children to even public schools so they got no escape from sending their children to work in the streets and help them and support their family, And thus providing good education by the government and providing new job opportunities would help decrease the unemployment rate and thus increase the standard of living, and increasing the awareness of the birth control ways and family planning would help reduce the problem as the average number of children per family would decrease and thus make it easier on their guardians to provide them a decent standard of living. (child safe international) (Kospoka) In other parts of the world like in Africa, specifically in the Republic of Sierra Leone-Free town ,its common site to see street children in the city, after many years of armed conflict, the country is so poor, where the lucky children is forced to work instead of going to school and having proper and education and they would have a place to go in the end of the day and the unlucky those whose parents got killed in the armed conflicts and with no place to go as the government can’t afford to provide a decent shelter to to take care after those children rescue them from the street life ,and so the children are forced to live in the streets to work and to start to live on their own, according to the U. S. Dept of Labor Bureau of International Labor Affairs, the UNICEF estimated that 71. percent of children aged between five and fourteen is working in Sierra in year 2000,most of these children want a change to get a decent education but unfortunely those whose parents survived t he armed conflicts can’t afford the expensive education system and thus there are no other way for these children except begging in the streets ,the danger is just in those children who had forced to live in the streets the real danger is in the upcoming generation of the street children if the current aren’t rescued or helped soon ,according to DR. Ibrahim Sallie a senior lecturer in the MMCET recently spotted the light on the upcoming generation, with the increase of violence and low morals and crime is Sierra Leone city this would sure effect those street children for sure ,and the problem will probably escalade as unlike the parents those second generation of street children would be raised with no definite moral or cultural or back ground except the culture of the surviving of the fittest, this would definitely would contribute in rising a new generation ull of criminals as they would do anything for living and just survive and increase the violence more and more ,and thus a secure environment free of armed conflicts would help to create a better climate for raising children and would give them better chance of becoming something more better than just street beggars and it’s the role of the governments to try to provide their citizens with secure environment and job opportunities with appropriate income to help those poor parents to prove their children with good education or provide public education with affordable prices for those poor parents who can’t afford it and for those unlucky children who lost their parents in the armed conflicts the governments should also care about them and make orphans houses that provide them with decent food shelter and education, to help to create a better civilized and educated generation, because they might not form a danger on the society in the near future but in the far one this would be a definitely a huge problem to deal with specially with the second generation who would be way more violent than the previous one and as more as the generation increases the more the crime and violence will increase and it will be then difficult to solve. (Prof. Martin) (Kospoka) And as discussed above, the causes of the street children phenomena could be resolved by proving a secure community free of armed conflicts and providing good education for the society with affordable prices that even poor parents can afford and working on making new job opportunities for adults and trying to reduce the unemployment rate and increasing the awareness about family planning and birth control ways would help to create awarded well educated and working society than they can easily raise their kids and providing them with good standards of living Bibliography child safe international. 2007. 2010 lt; childsafe-international. org/CountryInfo. aspgt;. Ennew, Judith. Difficult Circumstances. 2003. 8 november 2010 lt; crin. org/docs/Difficult%20Circumstances%20-%20Reflections%20on%20Street%20Children%20in%20. pdfgt;. Kospoka, Anthony. The problem of street children in africa : an ignored tragedy. 21 4 2000. Prof. Martin. gvnet. 2009. 2010

Managing creativity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Managing creativity - Essay Example th children’s wishes and desires of the product that is being discussed and close to their heart so that associations are built with the brand every now and then whenever there is some form of linkage with the brand in one way or the other. Another effect that can be had from these music/sounds to the children is that they build a solid and heart warming relationship with them and hence the rapport is rock solid when it comes to the potential users of the brand which in this case are the children and so on and so forth. Psychologically speaking, children connect with what is there on the electronic and/or print media for them in the form of a message that says a lot about their preferred brand and lists down the details as to how it could benefit the toddler or a teenager for that matter. Children can have a totally different impression on their young minds when they see some specific advertisement on television or in the print media which attracts the attention of the opposite gender and thus brings to notice their interest as to why the brand or the product is being advertised to the opposite sex alone. Children therefore need to be told the plus points of their television viewing with regards to the different brands so that they do not extract a meaning which is not actually conveyed by the company for them in the first place. For the company to see their brand thriving big time in the market with competitors having little or negligible business, it needs to build upon a base that it can erect i ts structure upon so that when the wind blows, it does not hamper the smooth business of this brand at all. With that it has to understand the soft natured psyche of the young ones where the impressionable minds of these children can absorb just about any kind of biasness aimed towards the opposite sex or for a particular community for that matter, as is the case. One needs to understand that the types of reactions these children have after watching these ads are quite

Microsoft Company and how its foundation impacts the world Assignment

Microsoft Company and how its foundation impacts the world - Assignment Example Some of these programs include helping people in case of disasters; human rights and online safety are the other ways the firm commits to the CSR programs. Sadly, the opposite happens when a firm fails in realising as much profit as it should especially in the case of Microsoft. Since the company is evidently committed to its CSR programs, it is imperative that constant analysis of its strategies and other factors be carried out. In this paper, the purpose is to analyse Microsoft Company and the effects of its foundation in the world. Microsoft is a US-based multinational company that specialises in computer technology including software, personal computers and consumer electronics. Some of the best software products include Microsoft windows, Microsoft Office, internet explorer and Office suite. Recently the firm entered into the hardware products including Xbox games tablet, Microsoft Surface. Other services the firm offers including Internet search program, Bing. The company was founded in 1975 by two men, Bill gates and Paul Allen, and is currently headquartered in Redmond, Washington (Carter et al, p.1634). The company’s market share started sharing in the 80s when it produced an operating system called, MS-DOS. The production of Microsoft Windows elevated the company. The number of products it has produced since its inception has evidenced the firm’s commitment to innovation. In the case of operating systems, the company embraced innovation by releasing several versions including Windows XP, Windows vista, Windows 7 and the most recent windows 8 and 8.1. After buying Nokia’s devices, Microsoft has shown great commitment to mobile phone users by enabling windows 8 to be accessible through mobile phones (Pittel, p.63). The market share for Microsoft is has remained the highest among the other firms in the same industry. Additionally, besides

Cultural Approach to Organisations Theory

Cultural Approach to Organisations Theory The Theory Of Cultural Approach To Organisations Abstract This report will revisit the culture theory proposed by Clifford Geertz how Michael Pacanowsky claims the concept is applicable to an organisation. It will use Whitireia Polytechnic as an example for an organistain culture. When you hear the word ‘culture you often associate it with a persons background, ethnic heritage and race. However, culture is a way of living in an organisation. It is also not limited to a country or city either, even corporate organisations have culture which contain stories, symbols rituals and within it contain sub cultures. You may not even know that this is a part of your everyday life without realising it. This report will help you understand what your organisations culture is like, how this applys to you, whether it can be changed. Introduction Purpose This report is based on the Organisational culture and what I have learned about this theory. The foundations of this theory were created by Clifford in which Michael applied Greetz work into his organisational culture theory. This will help explain (in accordance to the theorists work) what the definition of culture is, what the makings of a culture are and what standards techniques ethnographers use to describe a culture. Scope My first insight into this topic was a first look at communication theory book which gave me an idea of what the topic would be about. I then utilised the resources provided by Whitireia polytechnic which was library databases in which I found little success formation. After trying a variety of databases such as Proquest, Gale proquest etc I found that I could find more sources utilising internet websites. Limitations The only limitations I found was the little use the databases were to me. I also found it difficult to find information by Michael E Paconowsky who is the co creator of the organisational culture theory. I could only find one source which elaborated more on the organisation culture limiting me to using Geertz as a primary source. I did not know whether to attribute this to my searching methods or whether the availability of information was insufficient. Research Methods The databases were of little use to me my primary sources of information came from Articles Internet websites using Google. At first finding information was difficult as I used the library database as my primary source for Information. Although I did find some sources, my primary source of information came from a website which contained a large amount of articles. In regards to my topic this site contained more information then my other internet book sources. Structure Of Report Title page – Followed by an abstract Table of contents Introduction – Includes purpose, scope, research methods, structure of report limitations Literature review – A summary of 6 sources which I used to use for my report Findings – What I have discovered about the theory Conclusion – Includes Summary critique of theory Literature Review Doing Organizational Culture in the Saturn Corporation Retrieved August 10th, 2009 from http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m4339/is_1_22/ai_75579345/ Summary This includes an in depth look into the organisational culture in the Saturn Corporation. The Authors who researched this topic discovered how they came to their conclusions by poststructural analysis of the video advertisements, examining metaphors along with interaction interpretation of the organisations culture.. It also gives a chronological description of the significant events concerning the study of organisational culture. It also briefly covers the importance of image metaphors. However its primary focus is on the symbolic meaning of storytelling and the effects it has Saturn on its organisation culture consumer culture Accuracy Validity All three Authors Terry L. Mills, Craig A. Boylstein, Sandra Lorean are experts in the field of Sociology. Terry L. Mills earned his PHD in Sociology in 1996 at the University of Southern Carolina. He has received many honours awards and specialises in many topics concerning the age of sociology organisational organisation. He has conducted a lot of research and has published many of his works in articles, books journals. Terry L. Mills is currently a Professor in the University of Florida and is also a dean for associate affairs. The combined knowledge of these authors is apparent when they outline the history of the study of organisational using it as a base for their evidence in this subject. The concepts in this article are not new, they are simply a tool to back up their research and explain the organisational culture of the Saturn Corporation. Turner, L..H., West, R ., (2007) Introducing Communication Theory (3rd Edition) New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education Summary This book covers a number of theories including the Organisational Culture Theory covering its main points. It also delves more into the organisational side of culture by providing examples and elaborating on concepts created by Michael Pacanowsky including different types of assumptions, rituals, performances symbols etc. It also includes information on Clifford Geertz work and provides an explanation on Thick description, a technique important in Ethnography. Accuracy This information is accurate because it draws from sources which happen to be some of Geertz Pacanowsky most prominent work. It gives clear cut examples and all the examples provided are cited from reliable sources. Geertz, C. (1973) The Interpretation of Culture (2nd ed). New York: Basic Books Summary This source of information elaborates on the interpretation of culture theory from the perspective of an ethnographer. Greetz who is an ethnographer himself describes his work as being a thick description, which can be described as Intertwined layers of common meaning that underlie what people say or do. In this chapter Greetz describes his experience of a different culture of a foreign landscape. Often puzzled at the events that occur in this culture, his stance on his interpretive approach is not to just simply document what is happens in the culture. It is to reduce the puzzlement and to have a greater understanding of why it happens in the culture. Accuracy Clifford Geertz is a champion of symbolic anthropology. He has made several major publications with his most seminal being Deep Play: Notes on the Balinese Cockfight. His work on interpretive theory has had a major impact in the field of anthropology and his extensive amount ethnographical work in Indonesia Morocco highlands only solidify the validity of his work. He is also the co creator of the cultural approach of organizations theory. Geertz, C. (1973) Deep Play: Notes on the Balinese Cockfight† Retrieved August 1, 2009, from http://www.si.umich.edu/~rfrost/courses/MatCult/content/Geertz.pdf Summary In this source of information Clifford Geertz gives an insight into the balinise cockfighting culture. This does more than what happens in these cockfights he explains the deeper meaning behind the culture. He stresses that it is much more than about money or entertainment it is about social status: The Cocks are simply there to stand in for men who are engaging in these matches. Clifford also describes the social networking and ins outs of this cockfighting culture. Accuracy Validity This is Clifford Greetz more known works and is essentially one of the core concepts of this topic: Culture. This work is simply an interpretation of a culture and is undoubtedly one of the main reasons why Cultural approach to organisations theory is here today. It is interesting to note that the cockfighting metaphor is applicable to many cultures and everyday life occurrences. Fafaeli, A., Worline, M. Symbols in Organizational Culture. August 22, 2009, from http://iew3.technion.ac.il/Home/Users/anatr/symbol.html Summary This source goes into detail about what symbols are and how they apply to organisational culture. It briefly provides four functions that symbols serve in an organisation and how the use of symbols can provide a deeper understanding in a n organisations culture. Accuracy Validity This has also been referenced in a first look at communication. It has also been published in a number of books and draws some of its concepts from Clifford Geertz work. I can also see the similarities how it relates to the ideas of cultural approach to organisation theory. Both authors have PhDs in their respective fields and have done extensive research on this topic. Ardichvili, A.,Basten, F.,Daley, B.,Kraemer, T.J.,Kuchinke, K.P.,Morgan, G.,Shindell, T.,Short, D.C.,Willis, V. The Role of Metaphors in (Re)producing Organizational Culture. August 3, 2009, from http://www.orleon.nl/publicaties/metaphor_in_hrd.pdf Summary This source discusses metaphors and provides a storyline about the NBS organisation. It talks about how metaphors can describe the NBS organisation in a six part storyline written by employees. The author also provides analysis on the metaphors that were used and what they mean. Accuracy Validity These sources concepts are very similar to those created by Geertz Pacanowsky. Although this source does not reference them there is a clear connection between Pacanowskys idea of metaphorical analysis and this source. Findings Background Of Theorists Clifford Geertz was born in San Francisco, California on August 23, 1926. For two years (1943–45) he served time in the U.S Navy during World War II. He would later attend Antioch College receive his B.A in philosophy. He later studied social anthropology received his PHD from Harvard University. After he taught a number of schools he would join the anthropology staff of the University of Chicago. Subsequently he became a professor in social science at Harvard University in whicch he would receive several honory doctorate degrees from numerous colleges including Cambridge, Harvard Chicago University. After his divorce with Hilderd Greetz he would end up marrying Karren Blu who was also an anthropologist. In his later years his decline in health due to heart complications would eventually catch up to him, he died on October 30, 2006. Outline Of Theories/key Issues What Culture Is; What Culture Is Not Clifford Geertz, a champion in anthropology found through his research that culture is a shared meaning, shared understanding shared sensemaking in â€Å"a web of significance that he (man) has spun.† The foundation of this theory especially from an anthropological perspective can be attributed Clifford Greetz who primarily focused on culture itself. In Clifford Geertz eyes no culture is inferior/superior and no culture can be changed. Thick Description – An Ethnographers Occupation In order to understand a culture one must become an ethnographer. Ethnographers are researchers who immerse themselves within a culture also meaning they are in it for the long term. Clifford Geertz spent a number of years in Southeast Asia North Africa studying various cultures which eventually led him to call his extensive material in his journals to be known as thick descriptions. Thin descriptions would simply describe an event; thick descriptions however would describe an event within a context. His primary example in The Interpretation of Cultures theory describes the puzzlement when something simple as a wink can cause when it is not described within a context. Culture As A Metaphor Of Organisational Life Michael Pacanowsky found Clifford Geertz work helpful and would use work to give a better understanding of organisational culture. This in turn would help give us a better understanding the behaviour of organisations by understanding the way how groups live and interact with one another. Michael Pacanowsky discovered that not only materials such as paperwork were crucial but also analysing the behaviour of how groups operated was equally as important to understanding an organisations culture. As part of his work he used three components to better understand a culture which were metaphors, stories and rituals. Metaphors To understand a shared meaning of a culture Michael Pacanowsky used metaphors to describe the W.L Gore organisation. He used three metaphors to describe this unique culture the first being that Gore was a cluster of peasant villages because of its decentralised environment and focused use of oral communication. This could be attributed to the fact that Gore has an all in this together attitude and though a differential status exists amongst workers, there is a lack of hierarchical authority everyone checks with other â€Å"associates† before making significant decisions. Other metaphors Michael Pacanowsky used to describe Gore was that he saw it as being an improvisational Jazz band because of its like minded workers who liked to try new things and and compared the workers as being factions in Colonial America because of its innovative approach to work. Using metaphors to describe a culture is a valuable tool for ethnography. Stories – A Window Through Which To View Corporate Webs Of Significance Stories are used in to corporate organisations to guide employees to how to function within an organisation. It can also be used as a motivational tool to draw inspiration or to simply give a historical account so that employees may find themselves and become a part of something much bigger than just the corporation. Stories also give ethnographers a way to understand a culture There are three types of stories: Corporate stories, Personal Stories Collegial stories. Corporate Stories Corporate stories are ones that can be seen in pamphlets, advertisements etc. This is the vision of the upper level and management that they want to reinforce; sometimes to the public eye. An example of this would be how a corporate boss who would spend his Christmas Eve working with his employees and would be the last to leave. Personal Stories Personal stories are something that an employee may tell about himself to help identify with other workers or how he would like to be perceived within an organisation. An example of this would be how an elderly worker describing his experience in the workplace prior to the technological dependency and how a pre robot like environment developed more personal interaction and a sense of community amongst workers. Collegial Stories Collegial stories can be positive or negative and are used to describe others in an organisation. An example of this would be how a new manager who has taken has a cut throat approach to his employees and that his technological happy approach would result in a loss of jobs in the organisation. Rather than describe what each story means (doing so is to be done with great caution) it is not the proper way for the ethnographer to dissect each piece and explain every intricate detail, it is to interpret everything as a whole and see the bigger picture. Rituals – The Rites Of A Culture Rituals are existent in all forms of culture the Balinese Cockfight written by Clifford Geertz shows this. Without looking at it without an open mind Balinise cockfighting could be percieved as nothing more than a primitive shallow form of entertainment. However Clifford Geertz insight into the topic shows it is much more then that; it is the Men who are fighting for status and the cocks are simply just a representation of that. An example of this in a corporate organisation would be casual Fridays where formal clothing is optional. Or Free lunch Wednesdays where food is catered and provides an opportunity for staff to interact with one another. Where a ritual such Balinese cockfighting would be considered sacred (although it is illegal) changing or removing it completely would meet much opposition. In a corporate environment with a free spirited approach and lack of formality, changes to rituals would in most cases see little opposition. Application Of Theory I will use a real life example when applying the cultural approach to organisations. My example is about Whitireia Polytechnic. Clifford Geertz talks about Cultures having subcultures and there are many examples of this in Whitireia. A broad example would that every sector of Whitireia e.g BIT, CIT, has its Location can affect cultures an example would be Computer Services the BIT section of Whitireia. Although in an ideal world both would work together in a fluid manner an observation I made was that many of the services provided by Computer services are not known to BIT. When working for my evaluation procurement assignment I noticed that somethings were not communicated to one another effectively this is because of the difference between subcultures. Another example I think applies to this theory is the subculture created by Teachers. Although BIT culture as a whole is relatively the same, the subcultures are different. George Tongariro has a relatively informal style of teaching which is very much ‘alive ‘vibrant. This in turn influences the students especially the ones with who share similar attributes. This type of sub culture would likely clash with another teachers sub culture that has a very reserved formal approach to teaching. Even students have sub cultures w hich result in people having different social circles because tend to socialise with people who have similar values. Stories are told amongst students and teachers, corporate stories I have read are from pamphlets and websites. However the personal collegial accounts were told to me orally from both teachers students. Personal stories I have heard about Whitireia is a students experience with a certain teacher, paper, class etc. A collegial story I have heard students express is their dislike of how work intensive a certain class is. An example of a collegial story I was told in class from a staff member was how they disapproved with how BIT section of Whitireia was run and how it ran without ‘order and how ‘disorganised it was. If I was to document every story in a journal I could create a thick description that would effectively help an outsider understand whitireia polytechnic culture. A Ritual in this context would be performing a practical lab I get given every Tuesdays and Wednesdays in which I must complete within a designated time. Another example would be students playing table tennis or pool at the student centre on their break on a regular basis. You may also notice I used metaphors to help understand the culture present in Whitireia. I have also been at Whitireia Polytechnic for a nearly two years in which (despite the lack of a PHD) adds credibility to how I can apply this organisational culture to this industry. I also tend to hear more positive things about polytechnic and with an increase of students have changed the student sub culture. Evaluation Of Theory I will be using the standards from the book ‘A Look Into Coomunication Theory† book by Em riffim New Understanding Of People Interpretive scholarship is good when it offers fresh insight into the human condition. Geertz Pacanowsky do this by interpreting their readings and using techniques to describe a culture within a context. To have an insight human culture is to have a insight to teh human condition. Clarification Of Values A good theory brings peoples values into the open. Both Greetz Pacanowsky where able to define an organisations culture by using thick descriptions, metaphors, stories rituals. Aesthetic Appeal The appeal of Greetz Pacanowsky theorie is that it used real examples in which they both experienced. The way they convey their research through narratives, stories metaphors also provides an artistic interesting insight and makes their material appealing to read. Especially through the use of metaphors which help illustrate capture the essence of an organisations culture. A community Of Agreement Clifford Geertz is considered to be a champion symbolic anthropology and some of his most famous works such as the Balinise cockfight were innovative ultimately allowed Pacanowsky to apply his ideas into the theory. Although there is some criticism towards organisational culture theory the support is much more apparent within the community. Reform Of Society Change in organisational culture is sometimes considered to be ethically challenging. Understanding an organisational culture is becoming more apparent and is now used for a competitive advantage. Conclusion Summary In summary Clifford Geertz work e.g description of culture, pioneer of ethnography inventor of thick descriptions, combined with Michael Pacanowsys interpretation of organisations through use of stories, metaphors and rituals ultimately lead to a theory that is applicable to many organisational cultures. Stories, metaphors rituals are all practical ways of describing and interpreting a culture. I have also shown a real life example of how applicable it is and though it may not anywhere near the level of Geertz or Pacanowskys work, it should show how this can be used in different types of organisations. Critique Of The Theory As you should know by now Clifford Geertz stance on Culture isnt to change it, it is to understand it. Nor did he wish to interfere or influence culture. Critical theorists however criticise this approach and see a moral obligation to make changes rather then to just describe interpret it. This is not how a researcher who uses the cultural approach to organisation sees it. An ethnographer does not use his research as a tool for change nor does he use it to pass judgement or criticise the morality of a culture. Ethnography is about providing a better understanding and how to function in a culture through symbolic analysis. It is ultimately up an organisation and its staff to make a change. Cultural approach is also not as popular as it used to be. Some say that it is because few people if any can match Clifford Geertz writing style. People have described reading his work is like reading an engrossing novel. This in turn may have affected the aesthetic appeal and until someone who can write as well as he can, resurgence in this theory is questionable. Glossary Of Terms Ethnography: a methodological strategy used to provide descriptions of human societies Ritual: Performaces that reoccur on a regular basis Sub Culture: A Culture within a culture. Thick Description: Explanation of the meaning of layers in a culture References Articles Deep Play: Notes on the Balinise Cockfight Retrieved August 13th, 2009 from www.si.umich.edu/~rfrost/courses/MatCult/content/Geertz.pdf Doing Organizational Culture in the Saturn Corporation Retrieved August 10th, 2009 from http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m4339/is_1_22/ai_75579345/ http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m4339/is_1_22/ai_75579345/?tag=content;col1linise Cockfight Books Geertz, C. (1973) The Interpretation of Culture (2nd ed). New York: Basic Books Griffim, E. (2006). A First Look at Communication Theory (6th ed.) New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education Turner, L..H., West, R ., (2007) Introducing Communication Theory (3rd Edition) New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education Internet Sources The Role of Metaphors in (Re)producing Organizational Culture Retrieved August 13th, 2009 from http://docs.google.com/gview?a=vq=cache:MH7Ir3IC9LAJ:www.orleon.nl/publicaties/metaphor_in_hrd.pdf+http://www.orleon.nl/publicaties/metaphor_in_hrd.pdfhl=engl=nz Fafaeli, A., Worline, M. Symbols in Organizational Culture. Retrieved August 22, 2009, from http://iew3.technion.ac.il/Home/Users/anatr/symbol.html ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE Retrieved August 13th, 2009 from http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/ndu/strat-ldr-dm/pt4ch36.html Ardichvili, A.,Basten, F.,Daley, B.,Kraemer, T.J.,Kuchinke, K.P.,Morgan, G.,Shindell, T.,Short, D.C.,Willis, V. The Role of Metaphors in (Re)producing Organizational Culture. August 3, 2009, from http://www.orleon.nl/publicaties/metaphor_in_hrd.pdf

Criminal and constant Essay

What impression do we form of childhood in â€Å"I Remember, I Remember† and â€Å"Growing Up†? What similarities/differences do we recognise in the poets’ approach? In the poem â€Å"Growing Up†, by U. A. Fanthorpe, the main theme of childhood is trivialised by the poet in the first stanza. â€Å"Shoplifting daintily into my pram† implies gracefulness and therefore is a humorous. However, at the same time, it is light-hearted and trivialises the age of being a baby. The poet mocks the years when you are a baby, too, describing her action of â€Å"burrowing my way through the long yawn of infancy†. This suggests that she is hiding from the years of infancy. At the same time, it mocks infancy as the â€Å"long yawn† refers to the fact that babies tend to sleep a lot when they are very young. Fanthorpe’s choice of words shows her dislike for childhood. â€Å"Nudging† implies that childhood was urging her insistently and annoyingly to grow up, and she did not want to go through childhood. â€Å"Nudging† implies persistence, which can be perceived to be annoying. Moreover, she relates sordid and negative experiences with growing up. â€Å"Hairy, fleshy growths and monthly outbursts† and â€Å"blood-thighed† are examples of this. This emphasises her dislike for childhood. The poet shows that childhood is mechanical by describing the people who fit into society as â€Å"well-oiled bolts†. This is not a warm description of childhood, showing it to be a horrible part of life. The poet in this poem brings out the idea of childhood being inevitable. â€Å"I tried to annul the future, pretended I knew it already† implies her trying to ignore the future, but constantly getting evidence of her growing up into a woman. This shows that you can’t fight childhood, it will happen whether you like it, or not. The poem suggests that there is something sinister about childhood. Sinister vocabulary is used throughout it, like, â€Å"masking†, â€Å"sabotaging†, â€Å"criminal† and constant negative statements like, â€Å"Not a nice girl. No. † These quotations help to emphasise the negative tone of the poet’s view to childhood. Now I shall move on to analysing â€Å"I Remember, I Remember† by Philip Larkin. Initially, Larkin expresses his journey happened â€Å"in the cold new year†. This suggests that childhood is like a new beginning, but he is not hearty and warm towards it; he appears to be cold towards childhood. Next, Larkin expresses his negative feelings about childhood. â€Å"I wasn’t even clear which side was which† is rather casual, and the tone appears to suggest that he does not really care seriously about childhood. Simultaneously, he degrades childhood to little value when Larkin states, â€Å"No, only where my childhood was unspent, I wanted to retort, just where I started. † By this he means that his childhood was wasted and therefore, it was of little value for him. It was only the foundations of what he would experience in later life. He seems ashamed and embarrassed about his childhood when the poet writes, â€Å"staring at my boots†. At the same time, this implies boredom, too. It is in a complete contrast to the question that his friend asks in the next line, â€Å"Was that where you ‘have your roots? ‘† because roots implies stability, solidity and a positive anchorage symbol. It is a positive question, full of optimism, in contrast to the friend’s view on Coventry and his childhood. The enjambment and illogical order of his recollections of his childhood memories suggest a feeling of spontaneity, which may reflect the author’s view on growing up.